Table of contentsIntroductionRelated researchConclusionIntroduction Anatomical variations in the nasal and paranasal sinus region are common. Local anatomical variations, including nasal septum deviation, Concha bullosa, middle turbinate paradoxus, uncinate deviation, agger nasi and others, can cause middle meatus obstruction and d 'subsequent rhinosinusitis. Say no to plagiarism. Get a Custom Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the original essayRelated ResearchDeviated Nasal SeptumA deviated nasal septum or bone spur causes a decrease in the critical area of ​​the MOC predisposes to obstruction and leads to complications. found 65 out of 100 patients, the maximum anatomical variation in our study was 65%. It was higher than 14.1% in the study by Dutra and Marchiore et al (2) and 36% reported by Asruddin et al (3) 55.7% by Maru (4)Concha bullosaConcha bullosa (medium pneumatic turbinate) has been implicated as a possible etiological factor in the etiology of chronic recurrent sinusitis. This is due to its negative influence on paranasal sinus ventilation and mucociliary clearance in the middle meatus region, as cited by Tonai (5) . The incidence of concha bullosa was 52%, which is higher than the reported incidence of 42.6% by Maru et al (4), 28% by Asruddin et al (3), and 24% by Llyod ( 6). can be diverted or pneumatized. Uncinate deviation interferes with sinus ventilation, particularly in the areas of the anterior ethmoid, frontal recess, and infundibulum. Deviated uncinate was found in 30% of cases. This was more than that reported by Bolger et al., (7) 2.5%, Dua et al., (8) 6%, and Asruddin et al., (3) 2%. Llyod et al., (6) reported an approximately 16% prevalence of deviation of the uncinate process in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis and lower than that reported by Mamtha et al., 65%. (9) Paradoxically curved middle turbinate The middle turbinate can be paradoxically curved (curved in the opposite direction). This can cause impingement with the middle meatus and lead to sinusitis. Stammberger and Wolf (10) accepted paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate as an etiological factor in chronic sinusitis, because it may cause obliteration or alteration of nasal airflow dynamics. It was found in 15% of patients; the prevalence is similar to that of 12% by Asruddin et al., (3) and 15% by Lloyd (6). It is lower than that reported by Bolger et al.,(7)Onodi cellOnodi cells are posterior ethmoid cells that extend posteriorly, laterally and sometimes above the sphenoid sinus, medial to the optic nerve . The risks of optic nerve injury increase when the bony canal of the nerve is dehiscent. The surgeon should pay special attention to the onodi cell during preoperative evaluation to avoid potential complication of FESS. It was found in 7% of cases in our study. A similar incidence was found by Arslan in 12/200 patients and higher than that of the Jones study (11). In 8/200 patients, Haller cells are ethmoid air cells that project beyond the boundaries. of the ethmoidal labyrinth in the maxillary sinus. They are considered ethmoid cells that grow in the floor of the orbit and can narrow the adjacent ostium of the maxillary sinus, especially if infected. The incidence of Haller cells in our study was 3%. This was lower than that reported by Bolger 45.9%,(7) Llyod 15% (6), Maru 36% (4) and Asruddin 28% (3). Agger NasiCellAgger's nasi cells lie just anterior to the anterosuperior attachment of the middle turbinates and frontal recess. These.