Adaptive design It is based on an existing design, for example standard products or systems adopted for a new application. Conveyor belts, machine and mechanism control systems or transportation systems are some examples where existing design systems are adapted for a particular purpose. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get Original Essay Here we start with an existing design but eventually a modified design is obtained. A new car model is a typical example of developmental design. This type of design is entirely new but based on existing scientific principles. No scientific invention is involved but requires creative thinking to solve a problem. Examples of this type of design may include designing a small vehicle for transporting men and equipment aboard a ship or across a desert. Some research activities may be necessary. These are based on empirical formulas which are themselves based on experience and experiments. For example, when tightening a nut on a bolt, the force exerted or the stresses induced cannot be determined exactly but experience shows that the tightening force can be given by P=284d where, d is the diameter of the bolt in mm and P is the applied diameter. force in kg. There is no mathematical basis for this equation, but it is based on observations and experiments. These are based on industrial considerations and standards viz. market study, external appearance, production facilities, low cost, use of existing standard products. Knowledge of machine design helps designers in the following areas: Selecting the appropriate materials and the most suitable shapes. Calculate dimensions based on machine loads and resistance. of the material.Specify the manufacturing process for manufacturing the designed component of the machine or the entire machine.Machine design is the application of: mathematics, kinematics, statics, dynamics, mechanics of materials, materials engineering, mechanical technology of metals and technical drawing. It also involves the application of other topics like thermodynamics, electrical theory, hydraulics, motors, turbines, pumps, etc. Machine drawing is an integral part of machine design, since all the components or machines that have been designed must be drawn to manufacture them. according to specifications. Without machine drawing, the subject of machine design is incomplete. Machine load can be classified as: Static load - The load does not change in magnitude or direction and normally increases gradually to a constant value. Dynamic Load - The load can change in magnitude, for example, traffic of varying weight passing over a bridge. The load can change direction, for example, the load on the piston rod of a double-acting cylinder. Design for static loads Types of loading on machine elements and allowable stresses. Deformation and breakage concept. Different breakup theories. Constructing failure surfaces for failure theories. Optimizing a design by comparing different failure theories. Machine parts fail when stresses induced by external forces exceed their strength. External loads cause internal stresses in the elements and the size of the components depends on the stresses developed. Keep in mind: this is not.