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Essay / Chimera Research: Animal and Human Hybrids - 573
The idea of animal and human hybrids has been referenced in various folklore and science fiction fantasies. However, animal-human hybrids have become a reality. Human and animal experiments have been carried out since the 2000s. Human and animal hybrids are called chimeras, a beast from Greek mythology, in which it had the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the tail of a snake. Chimera research has opened a new door to medical research, a door into the unknown, and provided new information about the human genome. Chimeras are created by injecting foreign DNA (from another animal) into a developing animal embryo. Chimeras were first used primarily to understand developmental biology. Today, chimeras are used to treat diseases, test new drugs and transplant organs. Sheep and pigs have been genetically modified to produce human organs for transplantation. In 2004, pigs were modified to have human blood (Silverman). Since chimeras can be genetically modified to include human DNA, they make better research subjects. Irv Weissman, director of the Institute for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Stanford University, created mice with 100% human brains. Weissman believes mice can offer revolutionary insights in the fight against brain function and diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Therefore, there is strong opposition against the research and use of chimeras (Mott). Some scientists, the informed public, and animal rights advocates are concerned about chimera research. Many believe that chimeras are morally unethical, undermine human integrity, and infringe on the rights of animals and humans. There are two main categories of opposition, those who oppose the full research and use of chimeras and those who oppose......middle of article......w .ahc.umn.edu/img/assets/25857 /chimères.pdf>.Lam, Vivienne. “The Truth About Chimeras.” Creative Science Quarterly. Science CreativeQuarterly, November 20, 2007. Web. December 17, 2013..Mott, Maryann. "Animal-Human Hybrids Spark Controversy". Nationalgeographic.com. NationalGeographic Society, January 25, 2005. Web. December 17, 2013. Silverman, Jacob. "Curiosity." Discovery.com. Discovery Channel and Web. December 17, 2013.s.htm>.Zimmer, Carl. “DNA double take.” The New York Times. New York Times Company, September 16, 2013. Internet. December 17, 2013.0&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1387385916-GXuCcdU7CZLwWhE85vGNDQ>.