The Commons PropertyCommons, the author of The Management of Common Property Resources: Finding a Cooperative Solution, Robert Wade defined this word into two categories, common property and common pool resources. Public goods and services have infinitely limited benefits respectively, namely that the amount you consumed today will directly impact the availability in the future, and this is what Robert called "common resources". Examples such as groundwater, coal, oil In The Tragedy of the Commons, Hardin began to emphasize that the problems of the commons could not simply be solved by technology. He claimed that such problems are occurring due to population growth and increasing consumption of common goods. limited resources. If population growth is maximized, then each individual must minimize all resources. Therefore, he did not believe that there was a predictable technology that could solve the tragedy of the commons on this planet to balance population growth and maintain quality of life. He also introduced a theory of grazing to demonstrate the common resource situation. The shepherd hopes to maximize his profit by adding more sheep, which leads to a consequence with both positive and negative impact: the positive impact is that the shepherd can get more money from these additional sheep. And the negative impact is worse grazing. However, it is important to note that gains and losses in this theory are not equal. The shepherd gets all the benefits, but the losses are transformed to the rest of the shepherd, so each shepherd will increase the size of his flock to maximize profit. When all herders come to this conclusion, and grazing unrestricted, grazing capacity will inevitably be damaged. the problem, state administrative controls are on the scene. By imposing barriers to entry, the industry is one of the most common measures taken by the government. When pollution is serious, the government will adopt stricter measures, including forcing the site to be closed or relocated. However, similarly, this measure might not work well in developing countries. For example, taking China as an example, even the central government directly orders the local government to deal with cross-regional pollution problems, they reject each other because of their own advantages. Based on the previous analysis, this shows that there is no standard solution to the tragedy of the commons. The best decision is one made after careful consideration and after passing practice tests..