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Essay / Polypharmacy in the Elderly - 1517
Polypharmacy in the elderly is a growing concern in the US healthcare system. Older adults who have comorbidities and take multiple medications are at higher risk for potential adverse drug reactions. Older adults who take over-the-counter medications, herbs, and supplements without consulting their doctor are at risk for adverse effects associated with polypharmacy. Polypharmacy can result from patients having multiple prescribers and pharmacies, and patients continuing to take medications that have been discontinued by the physician. There is a great need for nursing interventions regarding polypharmacy, including medication review, also known as “brown bagging.” As nurses obtain historical data and perform a patient assessment, it is essential to review patients' medications and ask open-ended questions about all types of medications the patient is taking. In addition, the patient's assessment also provides an opportunity for the nurse to inquire about any adverse effects the patient may experience following medications. Nurses are in a unique position to provide early detection and intervention for potentially inappropriate medications and associated adverse effects. Project Objective PICO Question: Among older patients receiving care at Cary Medical Center on Med/Surg, who are currently taking multiple medications due to comorbidities, would reviewing medications at each provider visit reduce polypharmacy and its associated adverse effects? Currently, through observations and clinical experience with Med/Surg at Cary Medical Center, medications are administered by the nurse. Nurses are responsible and accountable for administering medications to patients. Patient education on medications is provided by the nurse. Medication education includes informing the patient about the reason for treatment, timing and duration of treatment, drug interactions, and the importance of checking with the primary care provider before taking over-the-counter products or herbal. If the nurse is not familiar with a certain medication, a medication book is available for her to use and gain knowledge about the use of the medication, its action, its side effects and its contraindications. The method used to conduct the ROLA search of current peer-reviewed research studies was conducted. using CINAHL, Medline and PubMed. Search articles were generated using the search entry with the terms polypharmacy, polypharmacy in older adults, adverse drug reactions and polypharmacy, and consequences and polypharmacy. After receiving a few research articles, a new search was conducted replacing the term polypharmacy with multiple medications. This research resulted in limited research articles on the topic of polypharmacy..