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  • Essay / Hume - 1072

    David Hume's “Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion” offers arguments about the existence of God from three different perspectives. Cleanthe, a student of natural theology, proposes the famous design argument. Demea, a priest and fideist, does not like this theory because it assumes that God has human properties; the theory suggests anthropomorphism. Philo, an empiricist and the main spokesperson for Hume himself, opposed this theory because he saw logical flaws in it. Although both Philo and Demea disagree with the design argument, it is clear that their methods of refutation differ considerably. Cleanthes, who argues that the study of the natural world will bring one closer to understanding God, offers the argument from design. The theory compares the complexity of technology to that of the universe. Just as a watch, for example, must have a creator, so too must the universe. In other words, since there is no technology that is not built by humans, and there is no piece of technology created entirely by chance, the universe, a much more complex creation, must have a creator. He argues that a closer look at nature reveals more evidence that God's intelligence is much like that of man, albeit in a more perfect form. This theory is Cleanthes' effort to show that religion and the existence of God can be based on reason. Demea is the first to respond to the design argument. He states that he attributes too many human properties to God and that there is “no a priori proof” (Hume 15). Often described as a mystic, notably by Philo, he maintains that humans can know nothing about God and that it is the very nature of God to be “unknown and unintelligible” (Hume 17). A student also in revelation... middle of article ...... between fish and aquatic mammals, for example, may lead one to assume that they are similar, but in fact they differ at a fundamental level . Dolphins surface to consume oxygen while fish have gills that facilitate the transfer of oxygen into the water. Although Hume's goal may not have been an outright denial of the existence of God, "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion" is still a radical response to the design argument that sowed doubt in many. people. I believe that Hume was more about criticizing the assumptions of the Church rather than revolutionizing people's religious ideals. These same assumptions that the Church held to be true about the nature of God led it to discriminate and wage war against many other harmless peoples such as the indigenous people of South America. Perhaps Hume, accused of being an atheist, was tired of the hypocritical injustices in which the Church engaged..