What our eyes are looking at all around right now, all things are made up of various types of elements, these are made up of tiny atoms and are made up of subatomic particles such as electrons, protons. and neutrons. Humanity has founded a total of 118 elements, they have different types of properties and behaviors, physical properties do not surprise us like internal or chemical properties of elements, "radioactivity" is one of the most amazing properties elements, in 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered X-ray, then in 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity for the first time, in 1903 Madame Curie discovered polonium and radium from pitchblende, after these discoveries, new doors have been opened for humanity to reach a higher level of technology, as we know, elements with unstable cores radiate energy in the form of light, particles or in the form of small nuclei of helium, these elements are known as "radioisotopes", they have many applications in many fields such as medical, semiconductors, agriculture, energy production, industry, armament and research. We therefore need to be informed about it and it is interesting to discuss this technology. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get Original Essay We can more likely say that radioisotopes are different versions of the elements, so we need to know how to get them, because radioisotopes use them for us in many areas, 92 U 235, 1H2, 90 Th23o etc. we can get them naturally or artificially, in natural process we have to find the minerals or compounds which constitute the radioisotope element, in artificial method we use different types of accelerators and the nuclear reactor, the Cyclotron and linear accelerator are the best examples of particle accelerator. The cyclotron was invented by EO Lawrence in 1929-1930, in this accelerator we bombard particles of charge to target the nucleus, or the element from which we want to obtain the radioisotope, this cyclotron works on the principle of the force of Lorentz, in this device source of ions or particles of charge placed in the center between the "Dees", the dees are the "D" shaped plates, it is connected to an alternating power supply which oscillates the polarity of the electric field produced on the dees, magnets were placed perpendicular to the electric field which it guides the particle and controls on its path, this whole arrangement closed in a vacuum chamber, when the electrical power is supplied by the oscillator at the dees, it creates an oscillating electric field, thus the ion or charged particle starts accelerating towards the dees but, the static magnetic field produced by the magnet, it pulls the particle upwards. in helical trajectory, due to the electric field, when the particles reach a very high speed, they escape from the electric field and enter a thin vacuum chamber where they collide with the target material or elements and we obtain the radioisotope that emits radiation, which we can use in medicine. diagnosis, we can get F-18, Ga-87, I-123 etc. in India there is the VECC (Variable Energy Cyclotron Center) for nuclear research which was established in 1977 and which is controlled by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), there is another type of accelerator known as a linear accelerator or linac. It was built in 1928. It is used forexternal radiotherapy of cancer patients. The linac projects a beam of highly energetic X-rays that points directly toward the patient's tumor. cancer in the patient's body and treatment given to the patient. In the linear accelerator, the whole setup for the accelerated particle is combined in line, at the starting ion source or the charge particle source is placed, towards the target, there are different plates at one closed distance in a vacuum chamber, the drift tubes which are arranged horizontally are connected to an oscillating power supply, thus, the particles accelerate with more speed, when the particle or ion is pulled from the source if it is charged negatively it attracts towards the plate which has positive electric field polarity, so the particle starts its movement towards the plate when it moves towards the next plate due to the oscillating electric field, the polarity of the next plate is changed, the particle so will be attracted towards this plate and this process continues when the particle reaches its highest speed which we want, then it is targeted to the element which is in the vacuum chamber, when it collides with the elements , it produces radioisotopes, according to this method we can obtain more energetic X-rays, which are used in the treatment of cancer, we can obtain iodine-131, strontium-89, samarium-153 and radium-223. These are methods that allow us to obtain radioisotopes via an accelerator. Currently, if we want a large amount of charging particles for studies and research, we use synchrotrons which produce a large number of accelerated particles. There are other methods from which we can obtain radioisotopes, we can obtain it from nuclear reactors and their waste, in nuclear reactors when we bombard neutrons into uranium it splits by process fission and produces different types of elements which are radioisotopes, we can produce silicon radioisotopes which are used for industrial purposes, we can radioisotopes which are used in nuclear medicines like Mo- 99, I-131, Sm-153 etc. we know that nuclear reactors are used for the purpose of producing electricity but then we get nuclear waste, which is difficult to manage because it contains radioactive materials harmful to humans, but this is managed by experts , they made sure that we can get some recovery from this waste, this waste contains radioisotope elements, through the filtering process we can get it in pure form. We can get Cs-137, Sr-90 and Ce-134 etc. which have a wide range of applications. There is some difference between radiation and irradiation, radiation is the form of energy which can be in the form of light and particles, but irradiation is the process which describes the effect of radiation on the surface. When we go out in the sun we know that it burns our skin, sunlight is an electromagnetic wave or radiation that creates an effect on the surface of our skin. Through the treatment of irradiation target, it exposes the material to radiation, so it has great application in food irradiation, which serves to protect the food for a long time and it kills the bacteria which occurred in the food , although it is processed, we can improve the food. safety through food preservation, reduces food-related illnesses. The chemical process of irradiating the strontium sulfate target is taken because we need to put strontium sulfate in a reactor for six hourscovered with polyethylene in a pneumatic rapid transfer system (PFTS). In this situation, the thermal neutron flux is maximum, we then obtain irradiated strontium. sulfate target we have to dissolve in water with sodium carbonate by giving heat for two hours then we have to filter this strontium carbonate in 4M HCl then add Fe(3) then the precipitate is dissolved after then we need to separate it and then we can use it for irradiation of different materials. We can use irradiation technology for food safety and food packaging. Now our food is made up of various types of bacteria and viruses. So by using this technology we can kill the living harmful organisms. We can use it to package the food after packing the food if we pass these packages through an irradiated field, they will kill the bacteria and the food that has been fresh for a long time. In India we have the KAMINI reactor based at the Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research in Kalpakkam, it was built by Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) and Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre. The KAMINI reactor was the first reactor in the world to use uranium 233 as fuel. . It is cooled and moderated by water. We know that radioisotopes and technology have large-scale applications in countless fields such as semiconductors, nuclear medicine, industry, healthcare, agriculture and weapons. We know that radiation is very harmful to the human body; They can damage it or body cells and damage our body's DNA, but cancer cells and thyroid tumor cells are more sensitive to radiation so we can kill or stop their growing population in the body, at For this purpose, we use different types of therapy depending on the tumor for the treatment of cancer. Brachytherapy or short-range radiotherapy is used for the treatment of cancer. In this therapy, using the gamma radiation beam of the radioisotope Cobalt-60, we direct it towards the direction of the cancer cells and it kills or stops that cell from spreading in the patient's body. This can be internal or external. Targeted alpha emission (TAT) is the therapy in which a short-range, high-energy alpha particle is injected into the cancer cell and disperses it. It must be injected once in a lifetime. For the treatment of thyroid gland tumor, we use the radioisotope iodine -131 in small quantities. . Teletherapy or external beam therapy used for the treatment of cancer, in this therapy, ionizing radiation is projected onto the tumor cells. In radiopharmaceuticals, we use radiation technology for diagnosis of a particular cell or body part. In this method, the radioisotope is injected into the patient's body. The radiation sensitivity of tumor cells interacts with the radiated particles when that part is in front of the imaging device it detects. and give a perfect image on the screen so that we can show the exact position of the tumor cell, considering the radioisotopes sent to the body, its radiation results through swallowing, urine and in gas form, we are familiar with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Advantage of this type of radiotracer, we can't even get bone images, we can also get soft tissue images of the body, to diagnosing tumors in the lungs, heart and very sensitive parts of the body, we use the..