Intellectual Incarceration As the education landscape in America is constantly changing, schools are expected to change as well. Innovative and flexible school designs are paramount in the debate over education reform in the United States. School buildings are the tangible embodiment of these reform concerns. Initially concerned with the quality of the learning environment, access to daylight and fresh air was the catalyst for a movement to improve the overall quality of education. As the reform movement has evolved to focus primarily on the student and their diverse methods of learning, our schools are required to reflect these theories. As students moved from one-room schoolhouses to more populated school campuses, the environment in which they were expected to learn also changed significantly. During the reform movement, certain necessities, such as access to the outdoors, fresh air, and use of daylight were identified and necessary to create a very successful educational setting. The polarizing force in school design reform has been the collaboration of education professionals and the architect. The importance of the architect in school reform cannot be overlooked, but he is powerless to achieve lasting impact without the contribution of those who use his work every day. While education has grown by leaps and bounds, there are still many paths that can be taken to ensure that positive reforms continue. Until now, education reform has relied on the flexibility of new school designs and collaboration between talented teachers and designers. Now more than ever, architects must be willing to go the extra mile and glean every ounce of information from the person who has the most to gain from it middle of paper......Richard K. Dee. Site Development Goals for Urban Schools, a report of the American Society of Landscape Architects Foundation, developed in cooperation with the Educational Facilities Laboratory [sic] and the American Conservation Association. New York: Educational Facilities Laboratories, 1973. Perkins, L. Bradford, and Raymond Bordwell. Basics of building type for primary and secondary schools. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Schneider, Tod, Hill M. Walker, and Jeffrey R. Sprague. Safe School designs a manual for educational leaders applying the principles of crime prevention through environmental design. Eugene, OR: ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, College of Education, University of Oregon, 2000. Stine, Sharon. Landscapes for learning: creating outdoor environments for children and young people. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1997.