Africa was once a convenient battleground between two global superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Cold War era, the continent was not taken seriously by the superpowers. However, unlike previous times, the African continent is now considered a vital battlefield due to its energy resources and other raw materials. China, India, the United States and other powerful countries are embarking on a scramble for Africa (Volman, 2009). New emerging powers like China are challenging, even usurping, Western hegemony in Africa. In this article, we will first introduce the formation of a new scramble for Africa. Then, we will have to take for example China's hunger for oil in Angola to analyze the rise of China in Africa. Then, it will analyze how the United States – symbol of Western hegemony – responds to the threat posed by China, what it has done in Africa to consolidate its supremacy on the continent. Finally, it will compare China's activities with US measures taken in Africa and discover how China is challenging Western hegemony in Africa.2.0 The formation of ...