, prevention and control in our hospitals has left South Africa, like the rest of the international community, on the brink of a return to an era of stubbornly resistant pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. can be overcome or endured if embraced. Refused or feared, they can develop and make their management difficult for scientists. For years, mortality rates in South Africa have been increasing due to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of the overuse of antibiotics that give pathogenic bacteria the ability to resist the effects of an antibiotic. Resistance occurs when bacteria evolve in such a way that they survive exposure to antibiotics. Resistance may not be limited to a single antibiotic, but can affect multiple classes of antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem and everyone must work together to combat it – from doctors to patients. To get a clear picture of how disease-causing bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, one must first understand how antibiotics work. Antibiotics are made to interact with a specific target molecule produced by the bacteria. The target molecule makes the protoplasm in the bacteria which is the main cause of cell growth and survival of the pathogen. Antibiotics hinder the growth and survival of bacteria, leading to their death. To inhibit target function, an antibiotic must do three things. First, it must reach the site of the target molecule. Second, the antibiotic must persist at the site to have its effect. Third, the antibiotic must prevent the proper formation of cell walls and stop the metabolic processes carried out by the bacteria to prevent protein synthesis. Antibiotics...... middle of article ...... in a survey, it was estimated that more than half of American adults taking antibiotics failed to reach the dose prescribed. To complement all these solutions, the pharmaceutical industry needs to conduct extensive research on the development of new antibiotics for various pathogenic bacteria by studying the bacterial structure. This will help scientists formulate ways to counteract the functions of the bacteria's various constituents. The exacerbating effects and devastation caused by bacteria such as Mycobacterium, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus anthracis, Xylophilus ampelinus, etc. pose the growing threat of drug resistance in many parts of the world. Identifying and overcoming barriers to effective and rapid diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant diseases will be critical to preventing the emergence of disease strains with broad-spectrum resistance...