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Essay / DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT - 2269
INTRODUCTIONDeveloped democratic countries and international development organizations, including the World Bank, have made enormous efforts to spread democracy as a political system across the world. By the late 1990s, the United States alone spent more than half a billion dollars promoting democratic expansion around the world (Diamond, 2003). These were carried out considering that the democratic system leads to development. As a result, in the late 20th century we saw a huge political transformation towards democracy. In recent decades, a large number of countries have adopted democracy as their political system. However, the big question remains to what extent democracy succeeds in bringing about the development of a country? At this point, some also criticize the democratization effort, saying that it is carried out without taking into account the context of a country, that sometimes democracy is not ideal for all countries and that it is a matter of 'an effort to eliminate diversity from political systems. By studying the debate literature, we discovered a paradoxical relationship between democracy and development. Some argue that democracy has failed to deliver expected development outcomes. While others recognized that democracy had a considerable impact on development. Another group of people argue that the shape of the political system actually has no impact on the development process. On the sidelines of these debates, some development institutions and academics explain why democracy is not functioning properly and what steps should be taken to make it more successful in bringing effective development to developing countries. Therefore, this writing is an effort to revisit the different views on the impact of democracy...... middle of article...... Lebanon: University Press of New England [for] Middlebury College Press. Sen, A. (1999). Democracy as a universal value. Journal of Democracy, 10. Sen, A. (2011). Development as freedom. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Transparency International-TI (2012), Corruption Perception Index-2012. Transparency International, London. United Nations Development Program-UNDP (2013), Human Development Report 2013. United Nations Development Program, New York. Available at: hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2013_EN_complete.pdf [accessed November 1, 2013] Monde Banque (2005). Economic growth in the 1990s: learning lessons from a decade of reforms. World Bank, Washington, DC. Available at: http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/lessons1990s/ [accessed October 5, 2013] Zakaria, F. (2007). The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (Revised ed.). New York: W. W. Norton.