Mr. Brown is a 45-year-old man who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and hypertension (HTN). Mr. Brown requires immediate intravenous treatment with normal saline to rehydrate and correct his electrolyte imbalance. Mr Brown was admitted to the ward following a revascularisation procedure on his anterior right lower leg and has a history of hyperglycemic non-ketotic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHNS), which is a combination of extracellular fluid hyperosmolality, resulting in dehydration of intracellular fluid, associated with hyperglycemia, defined by a blood sugar level (BGL) greater than 11 mmol/L (Berman, 2012). Andrew (2004, p57.) states that dehydration is one of the major contributing factors to HHNS, recognized as a serious endocrine emergency. Mr. Brown's current blood sugar level (BGL) is 21 mmol/L, along with the fact that he feels weak and nauseous, has been vomiting for two days and is thirsty, which means that John is at risk for HHNS. Brown has a dry mouth, hot, dry skin, with increased turgor and decreased level of consciousness, signifying dehydration. If Mr. Brown's dehydration is not treated promptly, his BGL will continue to worsen, he could have seizures, coma and possibly death, which are bodily reactions to high glucose levels and are symptoms of an advanced stage of HHNS Katsilambros (2011, p. 62). ).The combination of T2D and dehydration has devastating effects on the microvasculature, which can cause retinopathy, nephropathy and forms of neuropathy (Andrew 2004). This can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), kidney disease and worsen one's current PAD which...... middle of article...... //www.eblib.comThompson hj & Kagan sh (2011) Clinical management of fever by nurses: doing what works. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(2), 359-370. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05506.xTollefson, Joanne. (2012). 5th edition. Clinical psychomotor skills: Assessment skills for nurses. Cengage Learning, Australia. Wolf, Gunter (2012). Diabetes and kidney disease. Wiley and Sons, Holdenbrook NJ. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com. EISBN: 9781118494103Ziyadeh, Fouad. Hoffman, Brenda. Cheol Han, Dong. Iglesias-de la Cruz, Carmen. Soon won Hong. Long-term prevention of renal failure, excessive matrix gene expression, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion by treatment with an anti-transforming Growth Factor-β monoclonal antibody in diabetic db/db mice. PNAS 2000 97 (14) 8015-8020; published ahead of print June 20, 2000, doi:10.1073/pnas.120055097