CHAPTER 11.0 IntroductionThe discussion on how companies raise capital with respect to the instruments used to finance investment decisions has generated many academic debates among financial researchers in the recent past with researchers. examine the plausible reasons why listed companies raise capital through primary listing, secondary listing or issuance of debt securities using different combinations of instruments such as common stock, securities debt securities, hybrid securities such as preferred shares, convertible and warrant debt securities, etc. Raising capital can be done through initial public offerings. by private companies that have just gone public or by listed companies to raise additional capital through seasoned equity issues. The preference to raise new financing through stock and bond offerings provides companies with the choice of selling these securities with an underwritten general subscription (offering stocks and bonds to the public at a price of offering guaranteed by an investment bank), to place bonds and shares privately with institutional investors or by issuing these shares and bonds directly to investors without the services of intermediaries. The impact of these financing decisions on companies is crucial in determining the cost of capital (debt-equity combination), the value of the company, and ultimately the financing behavior of the company. A company's management must decide the appropriate level of borrowing given its capital base. To help with this decision, it would be useful to know whether changing the debt-to-equity ratio could increase shareholder wealth. A company, to finance its operations, will use a combination of debt and equity that best maximizes the value of the company. The company's financing decision in this context plays a critical role in maintaining its value maximization objective. .....therefore applied to corporate bonds. The new rules now published are specifically intended to guide the issuance of corporate bonds.7. New rules have also been issued for the regulation of money market funds.8. One of the major new rules that has just been published is Regulation 234C, which furthers the Commission's anti-competitive powers under section 128 of the ISA. This article empowers the Commission to order the dissolution of a company when its commercial practices are likely to restrict competition or create a monopoly in its sector of activity.9. Finally, the new rules require public companies to prepare additional financial reports, such as quarterly and semi-annual reports, and to file annual reports with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of sections 60 to 65 of the ISA. These recommendations have since been implemented by the commission.