Table of contentsIntroductionThe Nile ValleyMesopotamiaConclusionIntroduction According to the Petit Robert dictionary (1991), a civilization, assimilated to advancement, evolution, progress, designates firstly all the characteristics common to the most advanced large corporations, to all the acquisitions of human societies in opposition to the terms of nature or barbarism. For its part, the Civilizing Act amounts to moving a community to a more evolved social state (in the moral, intellectual, artistic, technical order) or considered as such. In a more neutral way, Civilization includes all social phenomena (religious, moral, aesthetic, scientific, technical) common to a large company or group of companies. We also have a civilization that arose in the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the original essayThe Nile Valley For centuries, the Nile flooded the valley, enriching the land with a thick layer of alluvial soil. Flooding occurred from July to September as a result of tropical rains in the Ethiopian highlands. The river reached its maximum level in October, then began to fall, reaching its minimum between April and June. As it rarely rains in Egypt, flooding has been the only source of moisture for crops. Irrigation canals were used to control water, especially in times of drought. The main crops grown during the Pharaonic era were barley, emmer (a coarse wheat), lentils, beans, cucumbers, leeks, onions, dates, figs and grapes. The abundance of flowers provided nectar for bees to produce honey, which the Egyptians processed. Flax was grown to make cloth, and papyrus was harvested, that is to say paper, ropes, mats, sandals and light boats. It was the breeding of various domestic animals: cattle, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks and geese, among others. The donkey and the horse arrived from Asia around 1600 BC. BC and the camel were introduced much later. At the time of the first pharaohs, the camel was unknown. The Nile was the main road that connected the different parts of the country. Until the 19th century, land travel was virtually unknown. As there are no forests in Egypt, the wood was imported from Lebanon. Acacia wood was used in Lower Nubia to build the ships carrying the granite used in the construction of the pyramids. The felucca, a small sailboat without a deck, was the most common means of transporting people and goods on the Nile. The Nile Valley is truly a blessing for Egypt. Without its waters and fertile lands, Egyptian civilization would not have emerged. Mesopotamia During the astonishing rise of the Neolithic, which saw, among other discoveries, the establishment of agriculture and livestock, Mesopotamia did not play a role until very late; also, in the whole of a rich Middle East rich in its successive discoveries, it has long been a poor relation because, during this first period, the techniques acquired did not make it possible to obtain results in a plain alluvial of great fertility only on condition that the water was domesticated and no longer unevenly distributed in time and space. When man had disciplined the water through canals, the valley of the two rivers then became a region of prosperity. The existence of large spaces, with agricultural possibilities conditioned solely by hydraulic works, completely modifies the.