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Essay / The Ratchet Effect: the feeling of being lost or hopeless
There are many things and many reasons that cause people to feel vulnerable. The feeling of being lost or hopeless is a feeling familiar to everyone, regardless of income, happiness or reputation. In one way or another, everyone is vulnerable and must adapt to changing circumstances. Climate change has quickly become a hot topic in recent years as its effects begin to be felt across the globe. The effects are felt worldwide and by many different groups of people. However, not everyone is susceptible to the same effects and everyone must therefore adapt accordingly. I will seek to describe the link between vulnerability and the need to adapt to circumstances induced by climate change. In this essay, I will introduce and define the concepts of vulnerability and adaptation as they relate to climate change, with examples, respectively. I will then discuss the relationship between these two concepts and provide a case study/example to further explain and support the relationship. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the concept of vulnerability is defined as “the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope, resist and recover of the impact of a natural or human-caused hazard” (2014). The concept of vulnerability implies that a person or something is susceptible to loss or damage due to the negative impact of shocks and/or stress. When people think of vulnerability, we most often think of it in the human context: some people may be more vulnerable than others to natural or man-made shocks and stresses. The state of vulnerability does not only apply to living things such as people or animals – it refers to many things, such as ...... middle of document ...... special introduction: vulnerability, adaptation and policy. IDS Bulletin, 20(2), pp.1--7.Damas, D (2002). Arctic Migrants/Arctic Villagers. McGill-Queens University Press Ford, J., Smit, B., W and el, J. (2006). Vulnerability to climate change in the Arctic: a case study of Arctic Bay, Canada. Global Environmental Change, 16(2), pp.145--160. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, (2014). What is vulnerability?. [online] Available at: http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/what-is-vulnerability/ [Accessed on May 1. 2014].McLeman, R. and Smit, B. (2005). Vulnerability to the vagaries and risks of climate change: crop and flood insurance. The Canadian Geographer, in press. Smit, B., Wandel et al, J. (2006). Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), pp.282--292.