Despite the fact that the Russian mobilization of human and material resources during the First World War impressed with its self-discipline, there was a considerable crisis in the handling of civil industry. Russia focused most of its manpower on military munitions, which crippled the rail system, leading to a breakdown in military transportation. The administration had to do something to compensate for the labor shortage. The problem was solved, but not decisively; by the publication of a decree aimed at recruiting a local “touzemcie” for defense work. The local population of Central Asia began to rebel soon after the decree was issued. There was uncertainty whether the decree had been issued correctly or not; Russian officials were already aware of the risk of rebellion. Discontent with the growing number of Russian settlers competing for water and land resources and the resettlement administration's policy of confiscation of grazing land are among the long-term causes of a revolt. While attempting to acquit the colonization policy on the grounds of the “benevolent influence” of sedentary Russian settlers on the nomadic Kazakh-Kyrgyz way of life (Paul Nazaroff 1934), the tsarist colonial regime failed to recognize the divergence of interests of nomads. Western researchers are accustomed to emphasizing the political and social issues of the revolt (Brawer 1996), emphasizing the discontent of nomads in the face of the massive confiscation of their land. Brawer points out that Western scholars explain that the general opposition was due to the military call-up of people who had previously been exempt. However, the main misleading part of this statement is that there was no difference between the revolts of different parts of the resistance. Unlike Western scholars, the Soviets and Kaz... middle of article ......nic Conflict in the Turkestan Revolt of 1916 » Jahrbücher für Geschichte Ost Europas 44.1 (1996): 41-53Uyama, Tomohiko : 'Two attempts to build a Qazaq state: The 1916 revolt and the Alash movement' in Stèphane Dudavoine & Hisao Komatsu (eds.) Islam in Politics in Russia and Central Asia (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 2001) pp .77 – 98Ryskulov, Turar & Broido, GI: Vosstanie Kirgizov and Kazakhov against 1916 godu. Sbornik Materialov [1925] (Almaty: Asaba, 1991) Fol'baum: 'Donesenie Voennago Gubernatora Semirechenskoi Oblasti' in A. Chuloshnikov 'K istorii vosstaniia Kirgiz v 1916g.' Krasnyi Arkhiv No.3 (1926) pp.69 – 75Kuropatkin, AN 'Dnevnik' & 'Raport Nikolaiu II' in PG Galuzo (ed.) ' Vosstanie 1916g. vSrednei Azii' Krasnyi Arkhiv No.3 (1929) pp.40 – 94Paul Nazaroff Hunted Across Central Asia (Edinburgh, Wm. Blackwood & Sons, 1934) p.139.