The term postmodernism applies to several disciplines which include architecture, art, literature, music, film, sociology, cultural and media studies, visual arts, philosophy and history. Communications and technology. The beginnings of postmodernism are somewhat unclear, but it emerged as a field of academic study in the mid-1980s. "Postmodernism" is the result of profound changes in social and political lifestyle in post-industrialized societies, with a attitude of questioning the truth and authority put forward by such conditions. Critics constantly debate the treatment of the prefix "post" in "postmodernism." According to some critics, “position” refers to a process of historical succession. For them, “postmodernism” is something that follows or replaces what we call “modernism.” Consensus has yet to be reached on whether postmodernism constitutes a break with modernism, a continuation of modernism, or even both. Noorbakhsh Hooti suggests three uses of the term “postmodernism.” “First, postmodernism represents a number of developments in arts and culture in the second half of the 20th century. The reference point and starting point for this type of postmodernism are the various forms of modernism that developed in arts and culture in Europe during the first half of the century. Secondly, it designates the rise of new frameworks of social and economic organization, always approximately since the end of the 1939-1945 war. As such, its point of reference and starting point is the modernization trend that marked the first years of the century, with the development of industry, the growth of the mass market and the speed of automation, travel and mass communications. Third, it says...... middle of paper ......epard. "The Cambridge Companion to Sam Shepard. Ed. Matthew Roudane. London: Cambridge University Press. 2002.5) Hooti, ​​Noorbaksh and Shooshtarian, Samaneh. Studies in Literature and Languages.Vol.1, 2010: 13-31.-- -. "A postmodernist reading of Sam Shepard's Buried Child." Canadian Social Sciences. 6) Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad. Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Vol.2.2012: 246-254.7) Klages, Mary. “Postmodernism”.nd21March.2014.8) Lewis, Barry. “Postmodernism and literature”.Ed.Stuartsim. Routledge.2010.9) Saddik, Annette J.Contemporary American Drama.Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press Ltd.2007.10)The Cambridge Companion to Sam Shepard.Ed.Mathew Roundane.Cambridge University Press.2002.