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  • Essay / Cognitive psychology perspective on physical and mental changes during the developmental period

    Children are incapable of dispassionately reviewing their list of physical and psychological characteristics. They are able to see themselves as good or bad. The development of self-esteem during childhood is a crucial growth factor. Now children automatically compare themselves to the standards that society has imposed on them. By the age of seven, a child has a self-esteem that reflects an accurate view of himself. If the overall self-evaluation becomes positive, the child will have relatively high self-esteem. However, if it becomes negative, the child will have low self-esteem, which may lead them to believe that they are incapable of completing certain tasks. As the child reaches middle age, self-esteem is high in some areas, while low in others. The school transition is the main reason for the decline in self-esteem. Students leave primary school and enter middle or high school. In general, self-esteem is high in college. We start to see a decline during the transition which usually occurs around age 12. Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg suggests that during middle childhood, a child's solution to moral dilemmas reveals central aspects of his or her sense of morality and justice. Kohlberg also states that people go through a series of stages as their sense of justice evolves. Young children tend to think about things in very concrete ways. When they reach adolescence, they are capable of reasoning at a much higher level. They make them reach the stage of Piaget's formal operations. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay During adolescence, we are able to identify ourselves sexually, cognitively, and spiritually. From middle childhood to adolescence, we learn to reason logically. Adolescents who have achieved their identity have successfully explored and reflected on who they are and what they want to do with their lives. This is the most psychologically healthy level of self observed in adolescents. Many adolescents express an identity foreclosure. These individuals display an identity but do not act on it because they are going through a period of crisis and are therefore exploring other alternatives. Another example of how adolescents express their identity is through religion and spirituality. As their cognitive abilities increase during this period of life, adolescents are able to think critically and abstractly about religious issues. As people leave adolescence, they typically enter an individuative, reflective stage of faith as they reflect on their beliefs and values. The next stage is early adulthood, where most individuals become adults. This is the period from late teens to mid-twenties when people are still determining their options for the future. We may still be figuring out some aspects of life, but we know that friends play a very important role in early adulthood. We have a need to belong that leads us into early adulthood. Most people are driven to form and maintain relationships that allow them to develop a sense of belonging. The stage of intimacy versus isolation is one of Erikson's discoveries. At this stage, from adolescence to early 30s, individuals focus on intimate relationships with others. Erikson described intimacy having.