The prostate contains smooth muscles, it borders the bladder and surrounds the urethra. It also produces sperm. This liquid contains enzymes and proteins to protect sperm. This is called the follicular phase. This is where the follicle produces more estrogen, which signals to the brain that the egg is ready to be released. The uterine lining then thickens as LH and FSH levels remain low. The production of gametes is due to meiosis. Meiosis is where cells divide to produce four daughter cells. These contain half of the genetic information. The four daughter cells produced contain half the genetic information which also represents half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell to produce the haploids. The gametes used during reproduction are the sperm and the egg which are haploid. Each of them contains half of the chromosomes (23 chromosomes). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay When fertilization takes place, they form a zygote. To produce these gametes, the parent cell duplicates and the chromosomes divide into pairs. These pairs then divide to form two cells which then divide again to form four daughter cells which are the gametes. This process is called gametogenesis, where cells use meiosis to form gametes. For men, the production of sperm is called spermatogenesis and for women, the production of eggs is called oogenesis. During spermatogenesis, sperm are produced from stem cells. These stem cells multiply by mitosis to create sperm which then attach to Sertoli cells. The sperm produced contain 23 chromosomes. Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules from stem cells and are surrounded by Sertoli cells. These Sertoli cells provide sperm with nutrients and blood products. They also help transport sperm to the central canal as they grow. During oogenesis, an egg cell divides to produce two new cells. The nucleus would have divided to give each cell 23 chromosomes. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay One of the cells is the secondary egg cell and the other is the polar body. The secondary egg continues to grow until it reaches full maturity and is then ready to be fertilized when it is released into the fallopian tubes. The zygote is formed during fertilization when the two gametes (egg and sperm) fuse. Gametes are haploid cells that fuse to create a diploid (zygote) cell. A diploid cell is a cell that contains 46 chromosomes. An example of a zygote is an embryo. Once fertilized, the egg is implanted in the uterus. The zygote is a eukaryotic cell that contains the necessary genetic information from the DNA of each gamete. The zygote then divides into smaller cells by mitosis. This division helps form the embryo.