After the arrival of the Spanish in Peru; all they focused on was the riches found in Peru. Thus, to protect themselves and their wealth, a war organized against the Christians by Atahualpa's troops failed, Atahualpa was captured and then executed; the Spanish had succeeded in obtaining the riches of Peru and Peru was therefore colonized in 1533. Peru had gained its independence from Spain through the influence of beliefs and concepts from foreign regions, as well as events minor politicians, and finally under the leadership of revolutionary leaders. , José de San Martín and Simon Bolivar. By 1780, Peruvians came to firmly believe in the concept of liberalism as the Enlightenment made its way across the world. Moreover, ten years later, Peruvian intellectuals and politicians were influenced by what was happening in other parts of the world. In particular, the French Revolution and the successful war in the North American colonies put in the minds of oppressed Peruvians ideas such as "the right to be able to govern oneself, the merits of nationalism and the desire to do what things differently.” Despite these beliefs and concepts, political events in Europe also played a vital role in Peru's push toward independence. In 1808, King Ferdinand VII was disowned due to Napoleon's invasion of Spain. Thus, Spain temporarily had no control over the colonies in the New World. Two years later, Morales Duares was announced president. With this, a new liberal constitution was also created, which affected both Spain and the colonies. Regarding this revised document, discussions, unrest and open rebellions took place in 1812. Although there were changes like these in Europe that affected the Peruvians, liberators such as General José de Sa...... middle of paper .. .... who had retreated further into… Ayacucho and was himself returning to the coast to retake Lima. During the first days of December, Bolivar achieved his goal of regaining control of Lima. On December 9, he captured the entire royalist army, thus ending Spanish control over Peru. Obviously, Peru could not have achieved its independence from Spain without its beliefs and concepts, but above all thanks to its leaders. Works Cited Hunefeldt, Christine. A Brief History of Peru. New York: Checkmark Books An imprint on Facts On File Inc and Lexington Associates, 2004. Klaren, Peter Flindell, Peruvian Society and National Identity in the Andes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000 Markham Clements R., tr and ed. Letter from Hernando Pizarro to the Royal Audience of Santo Domingo, in Reports on the discovery of Peru. London: Hakluyt Society, 1872. pp.. 113-127