One may wonder the origin of corporal punishment and the introduction of this form of discipline in schools. According to Donnelly and Straus (2005), in more Anglo-Saxon spaces, it is likely that early settlers brought with them their own existing practices from Europe. So this suggests that Western Hemisphere civilization did not physically punish its children? Mitchell (2008) argues that this form of punishment stems from slavery and the mistreatment of African Americans in the United States. Does this notion imply that African Americans developed a more aggressive method of discipline due to the brutal actions of slave masters? Newell (1972) states that the British Journal of Educational Studies provides evidence of punishments inflicted on children as early as 1669 as part of the Children's Petition, a petition which calls for grievances against young people who find themselves under the severities of the school discipline of this nation. Yet there is clear textual evidence that the Bible ignites such discipline throughout its chapters and verses. However, Rawson (1991) points to ancient Roman times, where it was discovered that this form was not only practiced at home, but also in schools. The uncertainty regarding the definition of the origin of corporal punishment reveals the inability of defenders to explain the rationality of their maintenance. No group has developed this method, as all have used it, however, there is a group of people who support corporal punishment. Ellison (1993) Conservative Protestants view the Bible as the ultimate source of authority and guidance, providing reliable, empirical information. verifiable and sufficient truths to guide the conduct of all human affairs, including family organization and parenting. The Bible being a proponent... middle of paper ... there is no trend toward eliminating corporal punishment by making it so costly (Hyman and Wise, 1979, p. 184). After a losing battle Ingraham was confronted, both in the United States and State Supreme Court, by Principal Wright and his colleagues across the country, who were able to continue to practice physical discipline, even with the new uncertainty that surrounds it. This case increased awareness of corporal punishment in Florida and across the country, particularly extreme where this level of discipline was displayed in schools. As this lawsuit shows, the Justice Departments' collaborative effort and willingness to stay out of state-related issues sided with the law and Florida's education system because they believed that the actions towards Ingraham and Andrews were justifiable based on the fact that they were at school and because the educators carried out the punishment.