Thomas Kuhn, a 20th-century American philosopher of science, introduced the controversial idea of ​​"paradigm shifts" in his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." This essay will discuss in detail paradigm shifts, scientific revolutions, mopping up, and other key topics covered by Kuhn in “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.” This essay will explain what Kuhn means by cleanup work, building on the broader view of paradigms he presents and explaining how paradigms arise and develop in such a way that they structure the activities of normal science specifically, and this essay will show how this type of cleanup work can, in certain circumstances, lead to a new paradigm instead of more normal science. Kuhn calls most normal science “cleanup work.” According to Kuhn, normal science is "research firmly based on one or more past scientific achievements, achievements which a particular scientific community recognizes for a period of time as providing the basis for its subsequent practice." This means that normal science is the everyday work that scientists do within a specific paradigm. Kuhn writes that older scientific paradigms are "scrubbed out" when new scientific paradigms come into play, "the cumulative acquisition of unanticipated novelties turns out to be an almost non-existent exception to the rule of scientific development." “Cleaning work” occurs when an older scientific paradigm is replaced and evolves into a newer scientific paradigm. Rather than the new scientific paradigm being added to the old scientific paradigm, the new scientific paradigm most often results in a revolution or paradigm shift. A revolution or paradigm shift occurs in an older scientific context... in the middle of an article... few and in between. Kuhn considers most normal science to be "clean-up work", because most of the time older scientific paradigms are used. are replaced and evolve towards new scientific paradigms; Using this premise, one can conclude that Kuhn believes that the majority of those who believe that science is cumulative are wrong. Since scientific paradigms do not stack on top of each other, older scientific paradigms must be confused so that new scientific paradigms can arise. Older scientific paradigms are necessary because without them there would be no “clean-up work” to revolutionize. Finally, science goes through three phases: the pre-paradigm phase, normal science, revolutionary science. As previous scientific information revolutions show, they go through very specific phases and are necessary for the evolution of science..