A number of studies have been conducted to create, measure, assess and evaluate awareness of the importance of proper hand washing in preventing disease outbreaks. foodborne and other illnesses among health professionals, youth, adults and the community at large. The recommended handwashing practice was rarely followed by youth and adults, but they believe that handwashing is very important, as documented in many studies. ‎2.2.1 The behavior change framework (FOAM). Handwashing behavior change programs were developed, monitored, and evaluated based on the Focus on Opportunity, Ability, and Motivation (FOAM) framework. FOAM Other socio-economic settings can adapt the FOAM framework as it was developed for use in resource-poor contexts. Concentration, opportunity, ability and motivation (FOAM) are determinants that influence hand washing. The components of this model are shown in Figure 2. Other global health interventions have used the framework based on the original work proposed by Rothschild, primarily used by Population Services International (PSI). The components of the FOAM framework are: A). Focus refers to the clear identification of the action being performed and who should perform it as part of the behavior change intervention.1. Target Behavior: The definition of behaviors includes not only the action to be performed (hand washing), but also the circumstances in which it is performed, such as after using the toilet or before eating a meal.2. Target Population: The population may consist of providers who deliver or care for newborns, caregivers of children under a certain age requiring handwashing practices.B). Opportunity: the chance to perform a behavior, including the resources needed to perform that behavior. Individuals expected to engage in ...... middle of paper ...... provide immediate motivation to wash their hands with soap, which poses a threat.4. Intention: Planning how to wash your hands with soap is an intention. This involves buying soap, fetching water, or securing a functioning handwashing station. The theory of reasoned action emphasizes that a powerful motivator of behavior is intention and a predictor of behavior change is action (19). Figure 2 shows a breakdown of the different components of the model into subcomponents. Flexibility in identifying determinants of handwashing in the framework helps program managers and researchers because factors that influence handwashing or any other behavior may be content-specific as well as timing-specific. Handwashing varies from country to country, the determinants that work in one country may not work in another, and the determinants of handwashing that influence one time may not influence another.(19).