Chimpanzees and gorillas only exceed half this capacity. This is an adaptation known as encephalization, initiated with a species known as Homo Habilis. Encephalization is the increase in brain mass relative to the body mass ratio of an animal. The species Homo Habilis typically had a brain capacity of 600 cm, slightly larger than that of a chimpanzee. The word “habilis” comes from Latin and translates to handy or skillful. These generally advanced species were the first to associate with stone tools. They were considered the direct ancestor of modern humans, but fossil discoveries proved that Homo Habilis had ape-like body proportions. There is much controversy among scientists regarding its classification as a human rather than an australopithecine. Australopithecus is translated as southern ape. These ape species predated early humans and exhibited strong ape-like features and had little brain capacity. They looked like monkeys and humans.