According to Heather McDonald of the Manhattan Institute, “While only 23% of New York City's population is black, 75% of shootings, 70% of robberies, and 66 % of all violent crimes are committed by blacks. Interestingly, although blacks have been shown to use fewer drugs than other races, they attribute a greater number of crimes associated with these drugs. Aside from crimes they actually commit, black people are generally less cooperative with law enforcement. From my experience as a law enforcement officer, I personally believe that if black people cooperated more rather than resisted, there would be less violence.