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Essay / The Philosophy of Language - 1942
Over the course of the semester, we discussed several interesting philosophers and their theories on philosophical issues such as epistemological concerns, the meaning of life, and morality. One approach to epistemological debate is the context of our language and the meaning of the words we use to claim our beliefs as true knowledge. In epistemology and the philosophy of language, context seems to play an important role in our understanding, meaning, and knowledge. Whether it is science, mathematics or religion, our language and its context are key to our understanding. In this essay, I will present the contextualist views of Ludwig Wittgenstein and David Lewis, as well as some critiques of their theories. A major contextualist claim is that our attributions of knowledge can vary from person to person depending on the user's context. The way we say sentences, the many different contexts in which we use words to form statements. Epistemological contextualist theories argue that concepts such as knowledge and justification depend on the context in which they are used. Factors, such as intentions and presuppositions, play a role in the conversational context and help shape the standards that must be met for a belief to be certain knowledge. These factors allow different contexts to establish epistemic norms, and each can vary from one another. Epistemic standards are higher in some contexts and make it difficult for our beliefs to count as knowledge. Most often, epistemic standards are weak and beliefs count as knowledge. The basic claim is that contextualism helps explain our epistemic perceptions or judgments. The reason, in most cases, for which we claim to have knowledge, and in other cases, ...... middle of article ...... of Wittgenstein. Np, April 7, 2014. Web.Headstream, Eric. “David Lewis, infallible knowledge and epistemic satisfaction.” Academia.edu. Np, and Web. Horwich, Paul. “Was Wittgenstein right? The opinionator was correct in Wittgenstein's comments. The New York Times, March 3, 2013. Web. Nielsen, Nick. “The limits of my language are the limits of my world.” Grand Strategy The View from Oregon. Np, June 3, 2011. WebRysiew, Patrick. “Epistemic Contextualism.” Stanford University. Stanford University, September 7, 2007. Web.Russell, Bertrand. Introduction. Tractatus Logico-philosophicus. 1922. London: Routledge & Paul, 1961. 07-19. Print. Williams, Michael. Unnatural doubts: epistemological realism and the basis of skepticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1996. Print. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-philosophicus. 1922. London: Routledge & Paul, 1961. Print.