This document presents the details of the project titled “Wireless Power Transmission”. It is the system for transmitting electrical energy from the source to wireless charging using coils. Two coils are used, one at the transmitting end and another at the receiving end. This project is not the same as the wireless transmission of signals that we use in cell phones. In this mode of transmission, electrical energy is transmitted in the form of magnetic rays. In this project, the first primary coil converts the electrical energy into the form of magnetic rays at the sending end side. Due to this flow will be produced. When the secondary coil interacts in this flux, an electromagnetic field (EMF) will be produced in the secondary coil. In this way, electrical energy will be transmitted without using wires. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay. Wireless power transmission (WPT) or wireless power transmission is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load, such as an electrical terminal. electrical network or a consumer device, without the use of discrete man-made conductors. Wireless transmission is useful for powering electrical devices in cases where interconnecting wires are impractical, dangerous, or impossible. This project is not the same as the wireless transmission of signals used in cell phones. In this mode of transmission, electrical energy is transmitted in the form of magnetic rays. Microwaves are harmful to human beings as well as other living organisms, while magnetic rays are not harmful to any living organism. Here, two objects with the same resonant frequency and in magnetic resonance tend to exchange energy, while dissipating relatively little energy to foreign objects outside resonance. The majority of today's homes and commercial buildings are powered by alternating current (AC) from the electrical grid. . Power plants produce AC electricity that is delivered to homes and businesses via high-voltage transmission lines and step-down transformers. Electricity enters through the circuit breaker box, then the electrical wiring supplies power to the AC equipment and appliances we use every day: lights, kitchen appliances, chargers, etc. All components are standardized and conform to the electrical code. Any device designed for standard current and voltage will work at any of the millions of retail outlets across the country. Here a rope, there a rope. Most of our electrical appliances are equipped with mains power cords. One of the major problems of the electrical system concerns the losses that occur during the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. As the demand increases, day by day, the electricity production increases and the energy loss also increases. The greatest amount of power loss occurs during transportation and distribution. The percentage of power loss during transmission and distribution is estimated at 26%. The main reason for energy loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of the wires used for the network.[1] Power transmission efficiency can be improved to a certain level by using high-strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables which use high-strength cables. temperature superconductor. But the transmission remains ineffective. According to the World Resources Institution (WRI), India's electricity gridhas the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world, at 27%. Figures released by various Indian government agencies place this figure between 30-40% and above 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (network inefficiencies) and theft. Power transmission over wire is not possible everywhere and does not provide portability to power-consuming devices or instruments. [1] Power transmission efficiency can be increased by transmitting power wirelessly. The concept of wireless electricity is not new. In fact, it dates back to the 19th century, when Nikola Tesla used conduction-based systems instead of resonant magnetic fields to transfer energy wirelessly. As the method was radiative, most of the energy was wasted. Wireless power transfer (WPT) allows power to be delivered across an air gap, without the need for current-carrying wires. The WPT can deliver power from an AC source to batteries or compatible devices without physical connectors or wires. WPT can charge cell phones and tablets, drones, cars and even transportation equipment. It might even be possible to wirelessly transmit energy collected by solar panels into space. WPT was an exciting development in consumer electronics, replacing wired chargers. The 2017 Consumer Electronics Show will feature many devices offering WPT. The concept of wireless power transfer, however, has been around since the late 1890s. Nikola Tesla was able to turn on electric light bulbs wirelessly in his Colorado Springs laboratory using electrodynamic induction (called resonant inductive coupling). Fig 1. An image from Tesla's patent for an "apparatus for transmitting electric power", 1907. Three light bulbs placed 60 feet (18 m) from the power source were lit and the demonstration was documented. Tesla had big plans and hoped that his Wardenclyffe Tower, based on Long Island, would transmit electrical power wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean. This never happened due to various difficulties, including funding and timing. WPT uses fields created by charged particles to transport energy between transmitters and receivers above a air gap. The air gap is bridged by converting the energy into a form that can travel through air. The energy is converted into an oscillating field, transmitted through the air, and then converted into an electric current usable by a receiver. Depending on the power and distance, energy can be transferred efficiently via an electric field, a magnetic field, or electromagnetic (EM) waves such as radio waves, microwaves, or even light.[6] Wireless power transmission technologies use electrical currents that vary over time. , magnetic or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful for powering electrical devices where interconnecting wires are impractical, dangerous, or impossible. Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories: non-radiative and radiative. In near-field or nonradiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; Its applications include charging portable devices like phones and electric toothbrushes, etc. [3] In 1826, André-Marie Ampère developed Ampère's circuit law showing that electric current produces a magnetic field. [1, 4]In 1831, Michael Faraday developed Faraday's law of induction, describing the electromagnetic force induced in a conductor by a time-varying magnetic flux. [1, 4] In 1862, James Clerk Maxwell synthesized these and other observations, experiments, and equations of electricity, magnetism, and optics into a coherent theory, deriving Maxwell's equations. This set of partial differential equations forms the basis of wireless power transmission using electromagnetics. induction methodology that should be used. [1]Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, non-radiative and radiative. In near-field or nonradiative techniques, power is transferred by magnetic fields using inductive coupling between coils of wire, or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications include charging portable devices such as phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, and chargers for implantable medical devices such as artificial pacemakers or electric vehicles. [3]A. Far-field or radiative technique: In far-field or radiative technique, also called power transmission, power is transferred by beams of electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves or laser beams. These techniques can carry energy over longer distances but must be directed towards the receiver. Proposed applications for this type are solar-powered satellites and wirelessly powered drones. [3]B. Near-field (non-radiative) technique: At large relative distances, the near-field components of the electric and magnetic fields are approximately quasi-static oscillating dipole fields. These fields decrease with the cube of the distance: (Drange/Dant) Since the power is proportional to the square of the field intensity, the transferred power decreases by (Drange/Dant) -6 or 60 dB per decade. In other words, if they are far apart, doubling the distance between the two antennas results in a reduction in the received power by a factor of 26 = 64. As a result, inductive and capacitive coupling can only be used for transfer of power at short range, in a few times the diameter of the Dant antenna device, Unlike a radiative system where the maximum radiation occurs when the dipole antennas are oriented transverse to the direction of propagation, with the dipole fields, coupling Maximum occurs when the dipoles are oriented longitudinally. [3]C. Qi Charging, an open standard for wireless charging: While some of the companies promising WPT are still working to deliver products, Qi (pronounced "chee") charging is standardized and devices are currently available. The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), established in 2008, developed the Qi standard for battery charging. The standard supports both inductive and resonant charging technologies. Inductive charging passes energy between a transmitting and receiving coil at a short distance. Inductive systems require the coils to be very close and aligned with each other; generally, the devices are in direct contact with the charger. Resonant charging does not require careful alignment, and chargers can detect and charge a device at distances up to 45mm; thus, resonant chargers can be integrated into furniture or mounted on shelves. The presence of a Qi logo means that the device is registered and certified by the Wireless Power Consortium. When it was introduced, theQi charging was low power, around 5 W. The first smartphones using Qi charging were introduced in 2011. In 2015, Qi was expanded to include 15 W, which allows for fast charging. The presence of a Qi logo means that the device is registered and certified by the Wireless Power Consortium. When introduced, Qi charging was low power, around 5 W. The first smartphones using Qi charging were introduced in 2011. In 2015, Qi was expanded to include 15 W, which allows for fast charging. The problem discussed above can be solved by choosing an alternative power transmission option that could provide much higher efficiency; low transmission cost and avoids energy theft. Wireless power transmission is one of the promising technologies and could be a good alternative for efficient power transmission. By using wireless power transmission, maximum efficiency for power transmission can be achieved. Power losses taking place during transmission and distribution using conductors can be overcome to some extent and the efficiency of wireless power transmission using conduction based technique can be augmented using the resonant inductive coupling technique (electrodynamic coupling, strongly coupled magnetic resonance) as can be seen in fig. 1 is a form of inductive coupling in which power is transferred by magnetic fields between two resonant circuits (tuned circuits), one in the transmitter and one in the receiver. Each resonant circuit consists of a coil of wire connected to a capacitor, or a self-resonant coil or other resonator with internal capacitance. Both are tuned to resonate at the same resonant frequency. Resonance between coils can greatly increase coupling and power transfer, in the same way that a vibrating tuning fork can induce sympathetic vibration in a distant fork tuned to the same pitch. The concept behind resonant inductive coupling is that high-Q resonators exchange energy at a much higher rate than they lose energy due to internal damping. Therefore, using resonance, the same amount of power can be transferred to greater distances, using the much weaker magnetic fields in the peripheral regions ("tails") of the near fields (these are sometimes called fields Resonant inductive coupling can achieve high efficiency at ranges of 4 to 10 times the coil diameter (Dant). This is called "medium-range" transfer, as opposed to "short-range". scope” of non-resonant inductive transfer, which can only achieve similar efficiencies when the coils are adjacent. Another advantage is that resonant circuits interact so much more with each other than with non-resonant objects than power losses due to. absorption by nearby stray objects are negligible [3] How is efficiency measured for wireless power transfer? which is transferred from the power source to the receiving device, i.e. a wireless charging system for a smartphone with 80% efficiency means that 20% of the input power is lost between the wall outlet and the smartphone battery. The formula for measuring operating efficiency is Efficiency = DC output power/DC power input. [5] Can energy be transmitted through materials other than air? Yes. Energy can be transmitted wirelessly through almost any material.