He advises against dividing the history of Africa into only three parts. He believes that this is too simplistic a way of looking at the history of Africa. Since human livelihoods began in Africa, our first impacts on the African environment began as hunters and gatherers. We reclaimed the land for desirable game and fruit. This obviously affected the populations we consume. We affected the physical environment when we burned grasslands to attract game. Then we move on to livestock farming (which was invented in northern Africa around 7 millennia ago); we raised and domesticated cattle, camels, goats and sheep. In doing so, we have altered the African environment by altering a mix of plants or grazing and congregating herds at only one water source during dry seasons. We cause a decrease in crop diversity when we start practicing agriculture and encouraging specific crops such as millet, sorghum and