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  • Essay / Savage Inequality Book Review by Jonathan Kozol

    Similar to New York, residents of East St. Louis have had to deal with their share of health problems. However, East St. Louis was home to so many health injustices that many of its residents might have dreamed of moving to a low-income neighborhood in New York. East St. Louis was devastated by “sewage flowing through the streets, stale air from local factories, high levels of lead in the soil,… [and] inadequate health care” (Kozol 25). This quote illustrates the magnitude of potential health problems that arise from terrible environmental conditions. Neighboring businesses in the city did not care about the negative externalities they produced. As a result, the city's residents had to suffer. The problem of infant death in East St. Louis generates more grievance than the dental problems of some children in New York. East St. Louis ranked first out of 66 Illinois cities "for fetal death, first for premature births and third for infant death." ...Hospital care is also deficient. There's no place to have a baby in East St. Louis. The infant mortality rate continues to increase” (Kozol 25). This shows the very poor conditions that the residents had to endure. With no place to properly give birth and already poor environmental conditions, it is no wonder that infant and fetal mortality rates are so high. Unfortunately, the health problems didn't stop there. The residents of this town were malnourished and many were not vaccinated. “Added to these health problems are the poor nutrition of children here – the average daily food expenditure in East St. Louis is $2.40 for a child – and the underimmunization of young children. Of 100 children recently surveyed in East St. Louis, 55 were not fully immunized against polio, diphtheria, measles, and whooping cough” (Kozol 26). This quote continues to