Such consensus arises from evidence-based practices and controlled trials observed in many countries and in diverse settings (Renfrew et al., 2014). To identify up-to-date evidence of the effectiveness of maternal and newborn care, the leading medical journal Lancet conducted its own midwifery review, published in four parts in 2014. It is based on 453 reviews provided by the Cochrane Pregnancy Childbirth review. group at the Cochrane Library and eight reviews by the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Care Health Review as well as supplementary material (Renfrew et al., 2014). This massive work was co-authored by 35 experts from multiple countries and covered low-income, middle-income, and high-income contexts (Renfrew et al., 2014). Some partial and generalized results of this review are presented