Ehret, Ulrike. Church, nation and race: Catholics and anti-Semitism in Germany and England. 1918-1945. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012. In chapter five, Ehret argues that the inability of part of the Catholic Church to denounce the persecution of the Jews is due to its strong stance against communism as well as its fear of being persecuted by the Nazi movement. The idea of ​​hatred of communism was said to center around atheism and was therefore seen as a lesser evil compared to fascism. Ehret also explains how the Church viewed Communism as a Jewish-led ideology, which seems to say that the Church believed that Jews were not helping themselves at the time of their persecution. The second major theme advanced by Ehret was that the Catholic Church was preoccupied with protecting its own status in the hostile European environment and therefore had neither the time nor the energy to reach out to the Jews. However, Ehret discussed Catholic reaction to Nazi racial policies, which the Catholic Church viewed as a pagan belief system. This is seen when the Church protests the racial ideas presented in Alfred Rosenberg's The Myth of the Twentieth Century. Rosenberg argued that race should replace religious institutions such as Christianity and Judaism. Some of the responses included Joseph Teusch's Katechimuswahrheiten, a pamphlet that attempted to warn Catholics about the racial ideas of the Nazis. Ehret comments that this strong reaction to the idea of ​​race over religion, according to some historians, was because Catholics defended Jews. The next chapter focuses more on the persecution of the Jewish people in the late 1930s. Ehret's assessment of the strong Catholic reaction shows the extent to which some...... middle of paper ...... anti-Semitism . Coppa also introduces the question raised by the volumes as to why the encyclical was not published. He says the volumes show how Ledchowski, a strongly anti-communist Jesuit, was against publishing the encyclical because it would have attacked Nazi anti-Semitism. Ledchowski's refusal to allow the encyclical's publication accords with the common theory that little action was taken because of fear of communism. From there, Coppa introduces Peter Kent who interpreted Pope Pius XI as having been "dominated more by an intense hatred of Nazism than of Communism." Lang, Ariella. “The Politics and Poetics of the Vatican Discourse on the Holocaust.” Judaism 52, (2003), accessed February 23, 2014. Coppa, Frank J. “Between morality and diplomacy: the “silence” of the Vatican during the Holocaust. » Journal of Church and State 50, (2008), accessed February 23, 2014.