On January 8, 2002, President George Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act , which was designed to help disadvantaged students succeed in school (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011). Components of The No Child Left Behind included annual testing, academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes. These measures were “designed to generate broad gains in student achievement and to hold states and schools more accountable for student progress” (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, 2011, para. 3). NCLB also promised to close the achievement gap and increase student learning (Hursh 2007). In 2005-2006, states were required to assess all students in grades 3 through 8 annually, and these tests were required to be aligned with state standards. (Editorial Projects at the Center for Educational Research, 2011). Additionally, a representative sample of 4th and 8th grade students was required to participate in the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) testing program in order to be compared to other students nationally (Editorial Projects in Education Research Center , 2011). For a school to progress academically, certain subgroups and the school as a whole must make adequate annual progress. If the school failed to participate in AYP, then it could receive additional services and parents could send their children to another school. If the school continues to fail to participate in AYP, then it could receive punitive government sanctions. Teachers were to be considered highly qualified in their subject, and report cards were to be published annually to illustrate data on student and school achievement. When they learn, students are able to make academic progress. ReferencesDee, B. and Jacob, TS (2011). The impact of leaving no child behind on student success. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 30(3), 418-446. Retrieved from http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/86808/20586_ftp.pdf?sequence=Editorial Projects in Education Research Center. (September 19, 2011). Issues A-Z: No Child Left Behind. Education Week. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/no-child-left-behind/ Hursh, D. (September 2007). Exacerbating inequalities: the broken promise of the “no child left behind” law. Race, ethnicity and education.10 (3), 295-308. Retrieved from http://www.wou.edu/~girodm/foundations/Hursh.pdfTatum, A. (2006) Engaging African American Men in Reading. Educational leadership, 63(5),44-49.