IntroThe Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model significantly influenced the development of the Internet protocol we use today. Created in the 1980s by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a multinational body dedicated to global agreement on international standards, this reference model defined the entire network communication process in seven structured layers. In ascending order, these layers are the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The purpose of this model was, and still is, to simplify and establish a standard for the design of communications and networking products that can communicate with each other, regardless of the differences between the systems. Layer Functions The Open Systems Interconnect model decomposes host to host. transmissions in seven different layers where each fulfills a specific function. At the same time, each layer has the ability to communicate equally with adjacent layers in both directions. Essentially, each layer interacts directly with the layer below it and at the same time provides support to the layer above it.1. Physical LayerThe first layer of the OSI model is the physical layer, which primarily deals with all hardware aspects of communication, essentially defining signaling and cabling standards. The main objective of this layer is to manage the translation of the binary bits of each frame into signals. And then transmit these signals one by one over a physical medium connecting other entities in the network. Upon reception, the physical layer will recover these individual signals and restore them to their binary representations before transmitting them to the data link layer as a complete frame. Methods of ...... middle of paper ...... applications can use, for example HTTP for web browsers or SMPT for email. This layer is basically responsible for integrating network functionality and providing network services to the user's system; it does not imply any real application. Other standards defined by the application layer include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which is used to transfer files from one system to another. And Domain Name Service (DNS), which is a network service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Works Cited http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/osi-model-for-cisco-networking.html http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103884 http://www.dummies. com/how-to/content/network-basics-the-seven-layers-of-the-osi-referen.htmlOSI model explained http http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_rsqVtaloI http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp