Table of ContentsTheories of CybercrimeSocial and Economic Impact of CybercrimeManaging CybercrimePreventing Cybercrime through Information SecurityFuture Opportunities for Managing CybercrimeThe Role of Computer Forensics in Managing CybercrimeIn this unit, I learned that cybercrime refers to activities in which computers, telephones, cellular equipment, and other technological devices are used for illicit purposes. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Speer (2000), states that computers are the most predominant form of information and communication technology used to commit cybercrime. Cybercrime is classified into Type 1, which is usually committed in a single event from the victim's perspective. Type II also refers to many activities in the cybercrime process. Examples of Type I cybercrime include keyloggers, viruses, rootkits, Trojans, while Type II examples include cyberstalking and stalking, child predation, extortion, industrial espionage and cyberterrorism. This evolution of technology and globalization in recent years has now connected countries around the world, improving communication and business, but creating a gateway for cybercrime. In my discussion of how the use of information and communication technologies has contributed to the commission of criminal acts. this type of crime, I completely agreed that the evolution of technology and globalization in recent years has now connected countries around the world, improved communication and created new platforms for companies, for example Facebook, Amazon and Netflix. With this kind of global connection, perpetrators now have a platform to engage in cybercrime, which I believe can be done with great ease and with great difficulty in being detected. I was surprised to learn that some cybercrimes, linked to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), include everyday activities such as software piracy, illegal downloading of DVD movies, of CDs for personal entertainment or for retail distribution. Many people around the world have participated in illegal downloading of music; it being understood that this would not jeopardize the artist's sales. After gaining a better understanding and understanding of cybercrime and the fact that hacking is illegal, I believe it would be difficult for law enforcement to crack down on hacking, largely due to the frequency of such acts. Use of satellite communications Criminal organizations rely on digital technology for communications and record keeping. Falsification of official documents ICT such as printers, scanners, computers and the Internet are used to digitally reproduce official documents such as passports and credit cards. Credit card fraud is a form of identity theft that involves unauthorized people taking other people's credit card information for the purpose of making purchases or withdrawing funds from the account. Additionally, Internet scams involve the use of Internet services or software with access to the Internet to defraud or exploit victims.profit in another way. Other ICT-related cybercrimes include online trading of illicit products, denial of service, terrorist communication and recruitment, online harassment, computerized sex crimes and virus attacks. Theories of Cybercrime In this unit, I gained knowledge about the theories of cybercrime; its purpose of explanation, prediction and intervention. It is understood that there are six criminological perspectives on cybercrime. A discussion question, with a case study with the identification of possible theories of criminology, was assigned as a means of conducting in-depth research to enable a better understanding of the theoretical foundations of criminology. I was confident in the conclusion drawn that the theory selected for the case study was that of a classical criminologist. This consists of a rational choice, general theory of deterrence and routine theory. Rational theory believes that people weigh the potential cost and benefits of committing a crime. If the goals outweigh the punishment, such as making money, the crime will be committed. The theory of general deterrence states that people can be deterred from committing crimes if there are harsh, swift, and certain punishments. Routine activities state that for a crime to be committed, three specific criteria must be involved: ; there must be a motivated offender, a suitable target, as well as the absence of a capable guardian. I agreed that the case study was not based on trait theories that people commit offenses due to biological characteristics and psychological disorders. The impact of certain foods, chemicals and other substances has linked criminals' behaviors such as mental disorders that, after their decision-making, and behaviors that incite them to commit a crime. Rondell and Natasha said in their discussions that the case study was oriented towards social learning theories which state that people commit crimes as an indirect result of how they were raised, educated and acculturated into society , including schools, encouraging parents, religious groups and social organizations. Social process theory has three main branches: social learning theory emphasizes that people learn to commit social crimes, control theory analyzes suggest that society's inability to control criminal tendencies and Labeling theory holds that negative labels produce criminal careers. The other theory includes social structure theories which suggest that people placed in a socio-economic structure influence their chances of becoming a criminal. Poor individuals are more likely to commit crimes because they are less likely to succeed financially or socially. Social structure theory has three schools of thought: Social disorganization theory which suggests that people living in urban areas commit crimes because they live in areas where social control is broken. The duress theory states that people who are unable to achieve their personal or professional goals committing a crime achieve their goals illegally. Cultural deviance theory is associated with both disorganization and strain theory. A person raised in a lower class believes that it is normal to commit crimes. Conflict theories suggest that crime in any society is caused by class conflict and that laws are created by thosewho are in power to protect their rights and interests. To the surprise of the classes, the case study related to transition theory which was explained by Mr Sealy in a session on the BBC. I understood and accepted that transition theory holds that people behave differently when they move from physical space to cyberspace and vice versa. .Social and Economic Impact of CybercrimeIn this unit, I learned that victims of crime can be anyone or everyone, for example government agencies, businesses, online users, women and children, mainly attributable to the use of computers or technological devices such as phones or electronic devices. tablets. I further understood that the cost of cybercrime is not definitive, largely because most victims go unreported due to embarrassment and fear of losing business when customers are aware of the company's weakness in its security system, leading to violations and legal challenges. There are many different costs associated with cybercrime which can be divided into two main silhouettes: namely direct and indirect costs or tangible and intangible costs. The tangible cost of protecting institutions and individuals from cybercrime includes security measures such as installing physical and virtual protections such as antiviral software, insurance costs, and costs associated with compliance with IT standards required. Whereas indirect costs relate to the costs of cybercrime that continue to accumulate for extended periods after the crime has taken place and the damage caused, such as embarrassment, damage to the business-customer relationship. From which there may never be a full recovery, the reputation moreover a waste of time. Cybercrime has become a silent global digital epidemic. Most internet users around the world are exposed and can become victims of cybercrime. Speer (2000) defines cybercrime as activities in which computers, telephones, cellular equipment, and other technological devices are used for illicit purposes. Most often, cybercrime aims to obtain personal information or obtain financial gain. As a result, commercial organizations, government agencies, online users, and individuals are victims of cybercrime, through exposure to viruses, cyberstalking and stalking, securities fraud, and corporate espionage. According to Cyber ​​Security, “Underpinning the Digital Economy, a report from the Institute of Directors and Barclays Bank,” businesses remain silent about being victims of a cyberattack, even if their operations have been compromised. been seriously affected by such an incident. The report states that only 28% of cyberattacks were reported despite the presence of a cybercrime department. The study found that most victims fear the attack will tarnish their reputation, leading to further losses as customers would have little or no trust in their company, especially when it comes to information security. I think a company should report if they have been hacked because their first priority should be their customers and not their reputation. Awareness is essential for customers because it makes them informed and provides them with necessary information to conduct their business prudently. The bank member can resort to the traditional banking method until the problem is resolved. THEBusinesses and online users will learn about the direct cost of needing additional security with a continuing series of upgrades to ensure computers/databases are protected. Policymakers should also pass legislation to prosecute attackers, while requiring law enforcement to improve their response rate to cybercrimes by improving prosecutions to improve trust and inadvertent reporting of cybercrime. Managing Cybercrime The increasing growth of technology has become essential for people and businesses around the world. the world, thus leading to an increase in cybercrime. For individuals to be punished for cybercrime, laws and regulations regarding the illegal use of computers or other electronic computing technologies must be adopted to protect everyone in computerized societies. Without these aforementioned laws, members of society would not be able to distinguish between a legal act and an illegal act. This is why countries around the world, such as Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, England and the United States, have taken steps to implement cybercrime laws. This unit's discussion question focused on transnational crimes and the challenges associated with prosecuting people who commit these crimes. I responded and understood that transnational offenses are crimes that involve more than one country in their origin, perpetration and direct or indirect effects. Transnational crimes include human trafficking, illicit drug or arms trafficking, people smuggling and cybercrime. Law enforcement faces many challenges when pursuing transnational crimes. One of the first hurdles that investigators face on a daily basis is identifying a suspect in transnational crimes such as cybercrime for prosecution. It was further discussed the measures imposed by Pakistan to deal with cybercrime with the death penalty, with which I did not agree. In my opinion, this was not particularly justified in the case of the Caribbean region. The first measure should be a change in the legislation providing for additional sanctions depending on the seriousness of the crime. Although the death penalty has the advantage of deterring people from committing such crimes, the punishment, in my opinion, might be too harsh.Preventing Cybercrime through Information SecurityIn this unit, I understood and understood the various protection and prevention measures that victims of cybercrime can use. I learned that to protect individuals and businesses, it is recommended to use passwords to prevent hackers from gaining unauthorized access to their emails, financial data, health information, etc. their files, servers and credit card data; a proposition with which I agree. It is suggested that individuals select a strong password consisting of a mixture of at least eight upper and lower case letters, symbols or numbers. I agree that online users are in the habit of not using their age, name, and date of birth in their passwords because that might be the first thing a hacker uses to try to hack your password. pass. It is also suggested not to use the same password on different or multiple sites and it is also suggested to update the password from time to time. I support the view that the lack of.