2.1. The following table presents the advantages and disadvantages of the following communication channels: TYPE OF COMMUNICATION: FORMALITY: ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: Downward communicationFormal  Effective communication of objectives: Top management can effortlessly communicate objectives and allocate responsibilities regarding the achievement of these objectives. Ease of delegation: Delegation is much simpler if it comes precisely from the vertical communication structure representing the chain of command.  Slow feedback: It takes a long time for communication to move down an establishment and then up to higher positions in the hierarchy, so this results in slow feedback, leading to problems, especially in the dynamic sector.  Unmotivated: in Due to slow feedback and reliance on formal communication channels, this communication system doesn't really help with motivation. Upward CommunicationFormal  Feedback: Managers will receive feedback from their employees that will help advance the expansion of the organization. Mutual Trust: This brings employees and managers closer to each other, as trust grows between them , their relationship is enriched.  Delay: Sometimes leaders are reluctant to inform managers if there is a problem because they do not want to be seen as failures.  Cultural differences: This can have an effect on the language used in messages sent to upward communication. This barrier may be more common in the case of global procedures, large international workforces, or various local economic labor markets. Horizontal communication Informal  It reduces errors of interpretation between departments operating on the same projects, this...... middle of paper.... ..o messages distributed electronically from one computer to another or to multiple recipients through the network. EXAMPLE: A company like Groupon sends emails to its customers to publicize special offers offered by different companies so that people can see them and take advantage of them.3.10. WEBSITE: These are companies whose websites are made available to the public. The public can see what the company is about and what it has to offer. Marketing PR materials are uploaded to their websites so that the public can access them. EXAMPLE: An organization such as Proudly South African has a professional website where they display and expose information to the public about the company , which makes it easier for the public. understand what the organization is and what its main objectives are.