The use of teaching strategies that require students to be more actively involved in the learning process is now strongly advocated for primary, secondary and tertiary education in Singapore . Peer learning is one such educational strategy. Say no to plagiarism. Get a Custom Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get an Original EssayPeer learning basically refers to students learning with each other as learning buddies without any authority implicit towards anyone, based on the principle that “Students learn a lot by explaining their ideas to others and participating in activities in which they can learn from their peers” (Boud, 2001). Today, information technologies (e.g. computer programs/databases, Internet facilities) have provided "excellent opportunities for students to learn without the need for a teacher to convey the available information (Bohuijs, 1998), which requires a paradigm shift from highly teacher-centered education to learner-centered education (e.g. peer learning) in which students are expected to take more take initiative and responsibility to further manage their own learning and educational/personal development. In peer learning, students will construct their own meaning and understanding of what they need to learn. Essentially, students will be involved in researching, collecting, analyzing, evaluating, integrating, and applying information to complete an assignment or solve a problem. In this way, students will engage intellectually, emotionally, and socially in “constructive conversation” and learn by speaking and challenging each other's points of view and reaching consensus or dissent (Boud, 2001). Peer learning is optimized when it is integrated as an integral part of a curriculum, with particular attention to: Creating a conducive learning environment: Students should develop mutual respect and mutual trust, so that they "feel free to express opinions, test ideas and ask for or offer help when necessary". (Smith, 1983). Peer learning can be further enhanced if “the supportive environment…continues over time and beyond the classroom” (Boud, 2001). Thus, students are individually and collectively responsible for optimizing their own learning and achievements. Collaborative Small Group Learning: Many key elements of effective peer learning are often incorporated into the design of small collaborative learning groups, and "research shows that students who participate in collaborative learning and study in group achieves better academic results, perseveres longer, feels better about the educational experience and has better self-esteem” (Landis, 2000). Additionally, “peer support…is a powerful psychological ballast for critical thinking efforts” (Brookfield, 1987). In addition to the acquisition of content knowledge, peer learning, especially in small, collaborative groups, nurtures and promotes skill development, and thus lays the foundation for continued self-education throughout of life; critical thinking and problem-solving skills; sample. Get a personalized article now from our editors..