Vertisols are a group of heavy-textured soils found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate zones. They could be called dark clays and many different names mainly related to their dark color; Sixty percent of Vertisols are found in tropical regions, 30% in subtropical regions, and 10% in colder regions. The main areas of vertisols are found in Australia, India, Sudan, Chad, USA, China and Ethiopia. Vertisols constitute an important soil in agriculture, although they cover only a small area of ​​the earth's surface. The main factor contributing to the productivity of vertisols in semi-arid environments is their high capacity to retain water; this is important in areas of uncertain and variable precipitation. Vertisols have the ability to store enough water to get crops through periods of drought, which is of great importance. However, some of their physical characteristics pose certain problems for cultivation. Vertisols are found in areas where average rainfall is between 500 and 1,000 mm per year, but also in very humid tropics where it rains up to 3,000 mm per year. The largest vertisols are found on sediments with high semctite clay content or on post-depositional alterations and on basaltic plateaus. They are usually found in lower landscape areas; for example, the bottoms of dry lakes, river basins and periodically wet lowlands. Depending on the bedrock and weather conditions, they can occur on bottomlands, residual soils or gently sloping hillsides. Vertisols are mainly soils which have a high content of expansive clay and which, at certain times of the year, present large, deep cracks. They shrink as they dry and swell when they become wetter. Vertisols are mineral soils that exist in a well-balanced supply of moisture or warmer soil temperature...... middle of paper ...... e subsurface soil. The soil must have great cohesion to transfer pressure to the soil surface for the gilgai to form. Morphological characteristics such as color, texture, composition, etc. are uniform throughout the solum. There is no movement of soluble soil components. A concentration of soft powdery lime may exist in or below the vertical horizon. Gypsum can be present either uniformly distributed across the matrix or in the form of layers of gypsum crystals. Vertisols have a uniform particle size distribution throughout the solum, but the texture can change abruptly where the substrate is reached. Dry Vertisols are very hard while wet Vertisols are plastic and sticky (Jewitt et al. 1979). It is generally true that vertisols are friable within a narrow moisture range, but their physical properties are greatly influenced by soluble salts or adsorbed sodium (Fao.org, 2014).