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  • Essay / Stage Theory: Memory Model - 983

    In everyday life, we use our memory extensively to complete daily tasks. Memory is a subject that has occupied a central place in investigations for many years. According to Goldstein (2011), memory is a process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present. more present. Memory stores and retrieves information. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a theory of human memory proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffin in 1968. The theory referred to as "stage theory" is widely accepted and the model focuses on how memory is stored. There are three main structural features that contain different physiological properties, namely sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory (see Figure 1 in Appendix 1). The first stage of the modal model of memory is sensory memory. Before information is stored in short-term memory and long-term memory, sensory memory initially stores the information. Incoming information was retained by sensory memory for half a second (Goldstein, 2005). In sensory memory, information enters the human information processing system through various channels related to the different senses. Various sources of information are available in the environment such as light, sound, image, heat, but only electrical impulses are processed by the brain. Perception systems operate on information to generate perceptions. The human body has sensory receptor cells that allow the transmitted signal to be pulsed and ultimately detected by the brain. Due to limited processing capacity, most incoming information is not processed immediately, so only certain information is considered. Subsequently, I...... middle of article......luence memory is state-dependent learning - learning associated with a particular internal state, such as mood or the state of consciousness. According to the principle of state-dependent learning, memory will be better when a person's state during retrieval matches their internal state during encoding (Goldstein, 2005, p. 220). Works Cited Craik, IM, Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 104(3), 268-294 Goldstein, E. B. (2011). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting the Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Goldstein, E.B. (2005). Cognitive psychology: connecting minds, research, and everyday experience (2nd ed.). California, USA: Cengage Learning. Sternberg, R. J. (2006). Cognitive Psychology (5th ed.). California, USA: Cengage Learning.