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  • Essay / Spirit and Matter, God and Chaos, or Finite Infinitude

    The Kingdom of Union and Joy can only be achieved through the elevation and expansion of the spirit which is influenced by its complex relationship with the material. They reflect each other, reverse each other and modify themselves according to the nature of their alliance; and question the pervasive intuition we hold about hierarchy, superior and inferior, rise and fall. Throughout the poem, the prophetic character enlightens the reader on how to access the spiritual realm through tales of base spirits, of praiseworthy and praised bodies – thus providing a dynamic dramatization of the fall. Mammon and the Son are two spiritual figures who characterize the convoluted relationship between matter and spirit. In his description, the character invites the reader to compare these characters' attitudes toward the material world and the way they apply their minds to it. Mammon is “the least erect Spirit that fell / From Heaven” (1.679-80). Possessed by a limitless desire for "The riches of the pavement of heaven, trodden with gold" (1.682) -- towards which his thoughts are turned -- he already manifests a vertical movement in his celestial status as he sinks into the highest realm of the universe. The narrator's speech transcribes the discontinuity of Mammon's spiritual rank through the juxtaposition of inversely connotative words such as the sequence least - erected - fallen - Heav'n. A classic symbol of greed, it aspires to elevation through material abundance. Even when fallen, he convinces himself and his companions that a possible life in hell is possible provided they exploit its treasures. From there, led by Mammon, the crew begins to violently mistreat the land, the center of which they "sack" and "with ...... middle of paper ...... its "Humiliation shall exalt" (3.313 ). The Greatness of the Son will flow from his submission because the limits established on matter will allow, when the time comes, the Kingdom of Union and Joy. While Mammon perceives obedience as divine deception, the Son rationalizes it by associating servile actions with rewarding results through grammatical conjunctions. Although he “lie[s] defeated,” “yield[s]” to death, and “suffers,” he will eventually “rise victorious,” “subdue/[his] conqueror,” and “disarm him.” . The Son describes this result as inevitable by overusing conjunctions, such as if - yet - but - then; as well as by the repetitive use of “must”, thus expressing the force of his assertion (3. 234-65). Therefore, temperance leads to the profusion of spirituality because it reflects creation and recognizes the intimate connection between matter and spirit..