Scope and FocusThe scope of JAAL is primarily focused on helping educators promote and improve literacy within and outside of school. Literacy includes reading and writing, which would explain why JAAL has articles on both components of literacy, even though they focus more on reading than writing. There are specific models, such as digital literacy, multicultural education and student-centered learning. Trends arise from “hot topics” in literacy. JAAL appears to publish articles related to topics of interest to educators and the public. JAAL appears to follow the political ideologies of the IRA as well as its current editor. Bean and Harper state emphatically that they "believe that teaching literacy in our time means confronting change and the politics of institutional change, which speaks to the need for critical policy analysis" (Bean and Harper 5) . Biases and prejudices seem to creep throughout the newspaper. For example, in his farewell editorial, Goodson alludes to the education reform that changed our view of "failing" students, saying that "we decided to force [failing students] back into the classroom average, whether they like it or not" (Goodson 626). JAAL has also published articles decidedly opposed to high-stakes assessments and educational policies like No Child Left Behind, such as "No Child Left Behind: What it Means for US Adolescents and What We can do about It” by Conley. and Hinchman in which they discuss the issues and questions raised about No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and how certain aspects of the program can be harmful (47). Dennis's article, another article criticizing high-stakes assessments, claims that the categories of big government assessments fall in the middle of the paper......g From reader to struggling reader: responses from high school students to a Tutoring Program for all ages. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. . 49.5 (2006). 378-396. Print.Ranker, Jason. “Giving meaning to the screen: digital video production on the Dominican Republic. » Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 51.5 (2008). 410-422. Print.Taylor, Donna Lester. “Not just boring stories” “Reconsidering the gender gap in boys.” Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 48.4 (2005). 290-298. Print.White-Kaulaity. “Reflections on Native American Reading: A Seed, a Tool, and a Weapon.” » Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 50.7 (2007). 560-569. Print.Wissman, Kelly K. "'Making a Path': Young Women Use Literacy and Language to Resist the Politics of Silence." Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 51.4 (2007/2008). 340-349. Print.