Paleopathological examination of a skeleton can reveal subtleties in the lifestyle of people of the past. Several studies have been carried out to obtain information for a comparative analysis of post-contact diseases inflicted on the Americas in order to trace the origin or presence of certain infectious diseases, particularly those normally associated with contact with Colombia, by example syphilis (Gerzsten et al. 1997). It should be noted that there is no evidence of pre-contact syphilis in South America. This article examines several distinct studies of disease and trauma in pre-Columbian South America. Collecting multiple sources covering a broad scope will present an overview of diseases and other stressors that affected the South American population before colonialism through a comprehensive body analysis. Adopting this approach will subsequently create a plausible picture of the lives, socio-economic inequalities and livelihoods of various strata in emerging settlement hierarchies and the latter social stratification as indicators of health differences in South America. South. The natural aridity of certain regions of South America and taphonomic processes have created numerous mummies. The dry climate reduced the rate of decomposition to stagnation, preserving a categorical quantity of specimens for analysis. This made every natural mummification process a real asset, due to the intact burials, mostly in situ and with soft tissue for possible DNA analysis. The research analyzes carried out were therefore largely carried out on mummified remains. SKULL DISEASE The greatest amount of data came from analysis of the skull. This is likely due to the rate of skull preservation and hence the aforementioned climate-assisted mummification...... middle of article ......one, particularly in South America, has modified the health of the pre-Columbians. The South American peoples, who were afflicted by many of the same diseases as the competing civilizations of Europe. Work and work-related stressors were present in both men and women, although expressed differently in the archaeological record, the development of deafness in male seafood divers and Pott's disease in women carrying baskets. Life in pre-Columbian South America required rapid adaptation to varying environments and growing populations. There is a rate of comorbidity with the emergence of agriculture which has led to professional, environmental and social separations. Therefore, the emergence of certain pathologies tells an excellent story of the pre-Columbian health and life of the ancient peoples of South America, through the extensive natural process of mummification and recent advances in DNA analysis..