Rosenfield (1982) examines the effect of gender of mentally disordered patients with respect to psychiatric hospitalization. She states that there are conflicting perspectives on whether men or women receive increased societal backlash in general for residual deviance. Rosenfield proposes that both men and women experience increased societal backlash when deviant behavior is seen as inconsistent with the traditional social norms of their gender. Its results reveal that men are more likely to be hospitalized for depression and neurosis, while women are more likely to be hospitalized for substance abuse and personality disorders. Likewise, Rosenfield's findings are consistent with this belief and are specifically consistent with society's social gender norms. Rosenfield states that “hospitalization decisions depend on the nature of the deviance, in terms of its correspondence with sex role norms, for men and women. Men are more often hospitalized for “female” type disorders than women. more often than men hospitalized for “male” type disorders (Rosenfield, 1982, p. 22). Thus, when analyzing gender roles as they relate to mental illness deviance, the severity of the societal reaction to deviance is a function of the degree to which assumptions and expectations are violated regarding the disorders. mental.