False memories have been the subject of numerous studies since Deese (1959) investigated their effects. False memories include distorting characteristics of events and situations or the recall of facts and memories that never occurred (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). The experiment of Roediger and McDermott (1995), based on that of Deese (1959), renewed interest in false memories and invented the Deese-McDermott-Roediger paradigm around which many studies are structured. Their study focused on eliciting false memories by being given lists of words and asked to recall those that were present from a separate list that included a critical word that, if recalled, showed the presence of false memory effects. Many participants were notably sure that the word critical had appeared before, demonstrating how much our memory can be influenced. Several studies have tested how false memory effects occur and whether they can be elicited by semantically or phonologically similar words or in relation to falsified photographs. Watson, Balota, and Roediger (2003) included not only semantic words but also phonologically similar words. Their results showed that phonologically and semantically similar words can produce false memories and have stronger effects together than separately. Watson, Balota, and Roediger (2003) included a memorization/knowledge component whereby memorization of a word was related to semantic words and knowledge that a word appeared with phonological words. When it comes to eyewitness testimony, eyewitnesses might remember information they had previously heard/red or something that happened in a similar case. Payne, Elie, Blackwell, and Neuschatz (1996) studied false memories using DRM and adjusting for other results, they found that words relating to...... middle of paper ... ...7/0033-2909.114.1.3 Underwood, B. J. (1965). False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70(1), 122-129. doi:10.1037/h0022014Flegal, KE, Atkins, AS, & Reuter-Lorenz, PA (2010). False memories a few seconds later: the rapid and convincing appearance of illusory recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 36(5), 1331-1338. doi:10.1037/a0019903Dehon, H. and Brédart, S. (2004). False memories: Younger and older adults think about semantic associates at the same rate, but younger adults are better at monitoring the source. Psychology and Aging, 19(1), 191-197. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.191 Meade, M. L. (2012). The neuropsychological state of older adults influences susceptibility to false memories. The American Journal of Psychology, 125(4), 449-467. doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.125.4.0449