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Essay / OLED: The Future of What You See - 691
The use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has increased in recent years as demand for electronic displays and efficient lighting has increased. The first organic LED was invented in the 1950s and has since been the subject of much research. In the electronics industry, OLED displays have become commonplace due to their low power consumption, which is important in mobile phones and in televisions where OLEDs can produce the near-black images demanded by movie fans . Thanks to today's manufacturing techniques, OLEDs are poised to take the future of what we watch every day to the next level. The idea behind an organic material capable of emitting a light source was first discovered by André Bernanos of the University of Nancy in the early 1950s. Bernanos' work was further explored by Martin Pope of the New York University in 1960, where researchers developed a method for injecting an electrode into organic crystals. In a vacuum, they discovered that the crystals were electroluminescent when a direct current was applied [1]. These original OLEDs were plagued by the necessarily high voltage required for light to be emitted. This problem was solved in 1987 when two researchers, CW Tang and SA Vandyke, of Eastman-Kodak, developed the first diode-like device using a two-layer design. The design was carried out using a vapor deposition method to produce the two thin organic layers. Tang and Vandyke's breakthrough allowed diodes to emit light at a much lower operating voltage and allowed newly created OLEDs to move from the research laboratory to the consumer market [2]. OLEDs are very similar to traditional LEDs in that they are both considered a semiconductor device with two or three layers of organic material. The...... middle of paper ......for mobile devices and lighting in homes and businesses. To make these future lights, manufacturers create thin semiconductor films and dope the organic layers with different compounds to generate pixels that can emit light of different colors. OLEDs have come a long way since their inception in the 1950s and the future only knows how far they will go. /10.1063/1.1700925[2] http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/51/12/10.1063/1.98799[3] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled1.htm[4 ] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pola.1266/pdf[5] http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ma011155%2B[6] Materials science and engineering by Callister, 8th edition[7] http://www.technologyreview.com/news/521656/ink-jet-printing-could-be-the-key-to-next-generation-oled-displays/