In the early 1900s, workplace accidents were commonplace in this country; for example, in 1907, more than 3,200 people were killed in mining accidents. At that time, legislation and public opinion were all in favor of management. There were few protections for worker safety. Today's industrial employees are better off than their colleagues of the past. Their chances of being killed in a workplace accident are less than half those of their predecessors 60 years ago. According to the National Safety Council (NSC), the current rate of deaths from workplace accidents is about 4 per 100,000, less than a third of the rate 50 years ago. Safety improvements to date have been the result of pressures for legislation to promote health and safety, ever-increasing costs associated with accidents and injuries, and professionalization security as a profession. When the industrial sector began to expand in the United States, unsafe working conditions were commonplace. After the civil war, the seeds of the security movement were sown in this country. Factory inspection was introduced in Massachusetts in 1867. In 1868, the first safety barrier was patented. In 1869, the Pennsylvania legislature passed a mine safety law requiring two exits from all mines. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was established in 1869 to study workplace accidents and report relevant information on pipe-related accidents. The next decade saw little progress in the safety movement until 1877, when the Massachusetts legislature passed a law requiring safeguards for dangerous machines. In 1877, the Employers' Liability Act was passed. In 1892, the first safety program was established at an Illinois steel mill, in response to an exploding flywheel at that company. In 1907, the U.S. Department of the Interior established the Bureau of Mines to investigate accidents, examine health hazards, and make recommendations for improvements. One of the most important developments in the history of the safety movement occurred in 1908, when an early form of workers' compensation was introduced in the United States. Workers' compensation as a concept made great strides in the United States when Wisconsin passed the first effective workers' compensation law in 1911. The same year, New Jersey was the first state to implement a workers' compensation law. In 1913, the National Industrial Safety Council was established and two years later, the National Industrial Safety Council changed its name to the National Safety Council. From the end of World War I (1918) until the 1950s, security awareness grew steadily..