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Essay / Descartes to Kant: The Existence of God – A Very Brief...
The following essay will cover a brief history of the existence of God from René Descartes to Immanuel Kant. First, section (1) covers Descartes' view on the existence of God. Next, in (2) I consider the view of GW Leibniz and that of George Berkeley is explored in (3). These first three philosophers undeniably believe that God exists. The remainder of the essay covers three other philosophers whose views on the existence of God are less certain. These philosophers include John Locke discussed in section (4), David Hume in (5), and, finally, Immanuel Kant in (6).(1) Having strong Catholic beliefs, Descartes undoubtedly believed in the existence of God . Descartes specifies this at the beginning of the Meditations on First Philosophy. He writes that we must “believe in the existence of God because it is taught in the Holy Scriptures and, conversely, that we must believe in the Holy Scriptures because they come from God” (Descartes 1). Later, however, in the Third Meditation, Descartes considers the existence of God. In his search for absolute certainty, he first wrote: “I do not yet know sufficiently whether there even exists a God” (Descartes, 25). In other words, Descartes does not initially know whether God exists with certainty. He then deliberates “whether God exists” (25). Even though he questions the existence of God, Descartes still has an innate idea of God; a substance that is a perfect being “infinite, independent, supremely intelligent and supremely powerful” who created everything (30). Accordingly, he concludes that because of his innate idea of God (which was not referred to by Descartes as derived from the senses), it must therefore be God who “is the cause of this idea” (25). Furthermore, because Descartes exists with an idea of God, he concludes that God must also exist. He states this explicitly in the following: "I have no choice but to conclude that the simple fact that I exist and that there is in me the idea of a most perfect being, it that is to say God, demonstrates in the most obvious way that God also exists. » (34). Descartes then goes on to suggest that it is “highly plausible” that he is somehow created in the image and likeness of his creator (35). After this, Descartes continues the meditations basing many other things on the existence of God. But, in the Fifth Meditation, Descartes claims to provide proof demonstrating the existence of God.