Table of ContentsGeneral Overview of MarxismMachuca's Analysis by Marxist TheoryFirst SceneSecond SceneThird SceneFourth SceneFifth SceneSixth SceneGeneral Overview of MarxismMarxism in general is a system of thought of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg, György Lukác, close friends of Marx and others developed this belief system and tried to keep it alive in continuity. Those who believe in this idea and try to do something with this thought have arrived somewhere in the general sense and have done something for the people. Marxism is not just a worldview, but rather a broader focus, trying to solve problems and achieve synthesis by applying itself to the problems of man, history, the state , society, nature, God and the universe. Say no to plagiarism. . Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get the original essayMarxism basically targeted and criticized living societies and management systems. The beginning and main cause of Marxism is the criticism of capitalism. Marxism is a structure of thought and ideas that has attempted to show how flawed capitalism is and how it works. Marxism criticizes all existing developments on the basis of capitalism, capitalism and other economic systems. Marxism must be known before everything is deterministic. Marxism criticizes social classification and distinctions within a society. On this basis, he strives to create a system that is generally socially egalitarian. In short, Marxism aims to eliminate class societies where social discrimination has existed since the past and replace them with a classless and socially egalitarian society. Marxism was created by thought and offered to humanity in the name of the brotherhood of peoples with the aim of an egalitarian and classless society. Marxism is a socialist structure. This is a socialist worldview. Marxism does not want to classify people. He wants all classes to be united. At this point, all classes will be destroyed. The important thing is an egalitarian society. Marxism is the opposite of exploitation of people in one form or another. It aims to equalize all people. He doesn't want to be separated in social and class ways. The important thing is that people live as equals. Marxist Theory Analysis of MachucaMachuca takes place in Chile. It was in fact after Marxist Salvador Allende came to power and was chosen as president after democratic elections. In response, the United States Department of Foreign Relations and intelligence agencies were in charge and, unfortunately, many people were hit hard by the conflict and civil rights violations sparked after Salvador Allende's association, in a military coup, at his office.The film brought the story of a boy, Gonzalo Infante, from a middle-class family, to the forefront of political incidents of the time. He sometimes has problems in his family regarding his father and sister. There was an inconsistency between the two classes of society and the head priest of the English private school believed that these differences and the gap between the poor and rich classes needed to be overcome. At the time, it was decided to enroll children from the poor sections of society in school and to support them financially by granting them scholarships in the spirit of the reform of the Allende government. Although the film is from Gonzalo's point of view, here we see the Machuca when the poor students accepted the private school. Gonzalo befriendswith him and supports him whenever he is in difficulty. Gonzalo learns from him both true friendship and the struggle of the poor. Machuca shows him the other side of life in Santiago. We have the other character, Silvana, who is Machuca's cousin and who positively attracts Gonzalo's attention with her playful and charming side. In order to support Silvana's father regarding his political situation, these three close friends sell flags during meetings and demonstrations. The relationships between the children even tell us whether they are together randomly and have many class differences; they could manage to be unique and united, which means sincerity can handle all the differences and difficulties. First Scene As the first important scene of the film can be the first event of the film. When the Father brings children from the poor class of society who will be studied in the best private school in the area with the scholarship of the Allende government as a measure taken in the light of Marxism. He enters the class, introduces the children and says to the class: “We have new classmates and you know each other, of course, you met them maybe on the way home or to school. They live around the school and stay in nearby neighborhoods. “No one knows anyone” is the question that has exposed class conflict even in schools. Then a child in the class responds like “Sir, I know this child, his mother washes our clothes at our house. » Here we can syllogize that the mother of the new student who will study with the government scholarship is the servant or nanny of the students' house of this private school. It is evident from this part of the film that poor families tend to get working class jobs which give them a low standard of living. Marxism had made it clear that class inequality was reproduced by the nature of the educational system. The wealthiest families use their own resources to send their children to the best schools and potential middle-class jobs, also in the long term. This creates a vicious cycle to reproduce class inequality due to the class inabilities of the working class. Although we talk about equality and the education system, we should consider traditional Marxists who see their assumption that the current education system is not equal and is like a tool in the hands of the elites, this which means that the system operates under the supervision of the dominant hegemonic class of society. In this part of the film, what the priest does with Allende's decision is to take the initiative to destroy these inequalities, not only by taking poor children to an equipped private school, but also by making them sit in mixed groups like “the poor and the rich”. We can obviously compare this example to Marx's theory of free public education which is highlighted in the Communist Manifesto. Scene Two The first swimming lesson in the pool after the newcomer's introduction takes place, which is my second analysis. Children from rich families who are alumni of the school jump into the swimming pool without any hesitation, one by one, with different jumping styles. However, children from poor families are hesitant at first and stay a little away from the pool. While the teacher informs the children not to pee in the pool and that if they do the water will turn pink from the chemicals, the priest enters the lesson and begins to inspect them. Suddenly he gets really angry at a pool boy who tells the shy, poor new students like "You, the ones whohave black t-shirts, let's jump in the pool", deceiving them because of the color of their skin. Then suddenly the priest shouts at this mocking guy and at the same time not only shouts at him but also addresses to the others First, he punishes him by taking him out of the pool and while shouting at him, he continues to give lessons to the whole class like "You will learn what respect is, even if the only thing is. you will learn is only to learn what respect is". it is that you will learn it! He continues out loud: "It doesn't matter who you are or where you come from; here, everyone will respect each other Is that clear guys?' Everyone says "Yes" and He says "Good, then enjoy your swimming", then he leaves the class Then the poor shy people also start having fun and even jumping. Economists explained the exchange of. goods in the market with the labor theory of value. In this sense, certain relative prices were influenced based on the exchange of goods. It mainly argues that the labor of producing the product should be measured in hours required to work for the product on average. . Adam Smith and Karl Max were the best known proponents of this theory. The destruction of the labor theory of value, which is the alienation of works, also affects the relationships between people, because in the distorted capitalist system, the. time spent by the individual in the production process is not taken into consideration, which unconsciously leads everyone to devalue the human himself but to evaluate the meta (the product) itself. isolated people who have collapsed on themselves form an indirect social relationship can only maintain relationships with the help of what they produce. However, the value relationship between meta should be the essence of all social relationships so that isolated individuals live off the commodity. We can consider the behavior of the boy at the swimming pool as a subliminal reflection of the commodified capitalist system. By ridiculing the dark-skinned man, the rich man actually represents the capacity of his family's means of production compared to the poor man's family and also represents how the system provides a disrespect for value and of the time that poor families have given behind everything. And the Priest insists on “Respect”. I have evaluated this word of the Priest with regard to the time and labor devoted to the works behind all social classes and all skin colors, in other words, even if they appear poor or if they are black , keep in mind that “whoever or whatever you are”. whatever your social status, first learn to respect everyone for their work and the time they have devoted to this work. It goes without saying that the priest does not explain in such detail to the children who cannot even understand the philosophy of Marxism, but I interpreted it as I explained it.Third sceneMachuca and Gonzalo go to the city of Machuca by bike. As they arrive in the poor and marginal town of Machuca, Gonzalo is at first hesitant and considers for a moment whether or not to enter this slum. But immediately he decides to continue having fun with his friend by riding a bike, one on the steering wheel and one on the back on the rear wheel at the pit. Then they enter this muddy slum, laughing and riding their bikes at top speed. First of all, they face the Machuca's mother who is busy working the land with her shovel and digging. She asks the children to prepare something to eat if they are hungry while they speed past with Gonzalo's bike in front of her. In the evening, they arrive at the old Machuca house. Gonzalo finds the house and even the food a bit strange since he was used to thriving and living in the city. WeWe can understand to what extent he surprises the environment of this slum thanks to his question to go to the toilet: “Do you have a toilet here? and then his friends make fun of him. When he gets to the toilet outside the house he is shocked again because it wasn't like the toilet he had gotten used to before as it was a handmade wooden toilet and not quite clean. We have many topics to analyze here, concerning the classes of society and the theories of Marxism. As long as it is considered as such, economic struggle creates classes and the existence of classes creates conflicts. These poor families are the underclass of society that are forced to work in low-skilled jobs and therefore earn less money than the Gonzalo family's income, which can be understood from their standard of living. Gonzalo here symbolizes the well-off person in a capitalist economic system. But while as a child, he unconsciously behaves without considering these class differences, which is the key point to ensure social welfare and transparency. In Marxist class theory, the main factor creating class is the division of labor. The decisive factor is the relations of production. The element that exposes classes is private ownership of the means of production. The state of owning or not owning private property over the means of production, resulting from the division of labor, causes two classes to exist mainly in modern society. These are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Here we see that families like Machuca family in their own hometown do not have production man and private property compared to Gonzalo family, which indicates these 2 classes of society and proves the theory of classes.Fourth sceneOne day, Gonzalo and his father go to one of the shuttered stores in the city, and knock on the door then the door is opened by a man inside. We understand that they had known it before because they go there directly without going through any other nearby stores other than this one. In fact the problem becomes clear when they go out near Gonzalo eating a bacon sandwich and his father with his cigarette in one hand and in the other carrying a bag of food but walking past the stores who writes " No cigarettes available” or “No more meat for sale” and the poor sitting on the ground. We can say that while normal people and low-skilled workers are getting poorer or less paid, capitalists are getting richer. The exploitation of workers provides a large margin called primitive accumulation. Workers had low wages against high profits for the bourgeoisie. Moreover, workers had no chance to change their current social status. Their employers have increased the cost of living, making wage increases unnecessary. In short, the proletariat would be indefinitely weak. Globalism has also brought new challenges to the proletariat that keep it exploited. Marx is right again, we can see how normal people who are called into this system as workers are suitable for exploitation and how this has no limits, even if you die of starvation. This scene in the film lasted no more than half a minute but what it means economically and socially requires explanation as I have tried to clarify above. Fifth scene Gonzalo invites Machuca to his sister's birthday party. They spend their time wonderfully at the party and after the party, they go to bed just before sleeping, they hear talking angrily and shut up to hear those voices. What they hear is the sound of Gonzalo's parents arguing. While they are shouting to each other, we hear an important sentence from the man.