Table of contentsSummaryIntroductionConclusionReferencesSummaryCoronary heart disease is a condition caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to atherosclerotic plaque and the deposition of different substances that lead to narrowing coronary arteries, plaque or even clotting is due to obesity, unhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors, this decreased blood supply can cause myocardial infarction or heart attack which can lead to death of an area of ​​the heart, this damage is irreversible and certain morphological changes occur and a scar forms. The most dangerous part is the complications that can result, such as decreased cardiac output and the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the body (heart failure), as well as difficulty breathing, pericarditis, cardiac rupture, ventricular fibrillation, septal abnormalities and aneurysm. Treatment involves avoiding tobacco, sugars, carbonated drinks, alcohol and fats in the diet, as well as exercising regularly and losing fat. Also use beta blockers, aspirin, nitroglycerin, and cholesterol medications to dilate the arteries and improve blood supply to the heart, as well as surgical procedures if necessary, such as stent replacement and bypass surgery coronary. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayIntroductionIschemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery/heart disease, is a disease or condition caused by narrowing of the arteries coronary artery which leads to a reduction in blood, and therefore oxygen. be delivered to the heart muscle, causing chest pain known as angina, which can also lead to a heart attack. Additionally, some people may experience silent ischemia, that is, without angina, which can lead to a sudden heart attack (without prior warning). The aim of this work: is to discuss the causes or etiology of ischemic heart disease as well as the risk. factors, clinical presentations, characteristics of MI, complications related to myocardial necrosis. Causes and risk factors for ischemic heart disease include: The buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in the walls of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart and other parts of the body. Cholesterol deposits, along with other substances, build up plaque and cause arteries to narrow and impede blood flow, as shown in the illustrative figure below. Other controllable causes/risk factors like: Smoking and high blood pressure because they cause damage. arteries endothelium and contribute to plaque buildup and blood clotting. High cholesterol levels also contribute to plaque. In addition to age, obesity, diabetes (high blood sugar), stress, anxiety and alcohol consumption. Family history and genetics. Disorders causing coronary heart disease (risk factors) can be hereditary because genetics influence the strength of blood vessels and even the communications of heart cells and specific proteins, so the body processes cholesterol and processes it differently and therefore affects the risk of developing ischemic plaques. diseases and heart attacks. Genetics are passed from parents to their children in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) via sperm and egg and genes are copied intoeach cell. Therefore, if a family member suffers from heart disease, this gives an additional reason for family members to check the integrity of their cardiovascular system. Clinical presentations: they are often not the same in men and women. This is likely chest pain as a stable condition of angina, heart failure and acute coronary syndrome or perhaps even sudden cardiac arrest. Symptoms are rarely hidden and the only presentation is an abnormal cardiac EKG or echocardiogram ordered coincidentally for another reason. Acute myocardial infarction, in the form of ischemic heart disease, is sometimes diagnosed when a patient presents with chest pain and acute infarction due to thrombosis and arterial occlusion. Dyspnea or difficulty breathing also occurs and is called the equivalent of angina. The mechanism is probably the same as that of angina pectoris, but the central appreciation of the afferent stimuli is not the same. Dysponea is therefore often associated with angina, because difficulty breathing is accompanied by chest pain. Dyspnea is also associated with left ventricular ischemia which leads to pulmonary venous congestion which causes pulmonary edema. The combination of dyspnea, fatigue, and edema occurs in heart failure because atherosclerosis is a common cause of heart failure in some areas. Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are also important manifestations that may occur. Acute myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation can also lead to sudden death. History of angina, physical examination and some tests like electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and blood tests are very important for diagnosis. The morphology of a myocardial infarction changes over time and shows arterial damage and healing, as ischemia causes clotting. necrosis accompanied by acute inflammation. The inflammatory infiltrate is then replaced by granulation tissue and fibrosis occurs. During the first 12 hours, very simple histological changes in the myocardium are observed. After four hours of blockage, myocardial edema appears due to damaged endothelial cells and destroyed capillaries, as well as wavy fibers that appear due to the separation of cardiac myocytes by edema fluid. Contraction bands also appear due to the influx of calcium and contraction of the fibers of these separated myocytes. During the period from 12 to 72 hours, pallor and a red ring frame appear in the infarcted tissue. Coagulative necrosis also becomes more evident. Around six p.m., neutrophils begin to infiltrate from the borders of the lesion. Very acute inflammation begins on the 2nd day and reaches its peak on the 3rd. Over the period of 4 to 10 days, the lesion becomes more and more soft and yellow, and macrophages replace neutrophils, as well as phagocytosis and star degradation of necrotic tissue, which negatively affects the integrity of myocardial structure and can cause myocardial rupture. Fibroblasts and new capillaries also begin to form. reach the lesion from the edges to create an area of ​​granulation tissue. Over a period of 10 days to 8 weeks, all dead tissue is removed by phagocytes and the granulation tissue is reorganized into a scar. Myocardial infarction can cause certain complications; as sudden death often due to dysrhythmias and..