Native American identities, through their sovereignty, have benefited the people while inflicting lasting harm through treaties. This segment shows how Native American sovereignty underwent change, destruction at the hands of white outsiders, and ultimately recreation. In Indian Pride: Treaties and Sovereignty, John Echohawlk defines Native American sovereignty as: “making their own decisions, claiming their own lands, and conducting government-to-government relationships with other governments.” Today, Native American tribes enjoy sovereignty and their treaties with the United States are fairly respected. This was not the case during the Civil War. This feeling is described in Fools Crow, when Fools Crow says: "He promised us that we would be treated fairly and that we would be rewarded for the lands we gave up. He promised us rations. But so far the Pikunis see nothing” (158). I believe this example also relates to Smith's assertion that "a range of social interventions have been remarkably ineffective in dealing with communities" (231). Although social interventions have been ineffective in the past, I was pleased to discover that there are currently three levels of government: "federal, state, and tribal" (Indian Pride: