Leadership and Organization StructureAll organizations have a structure; criminal justice is much like the military in terms of the chain of command delegating authority downward from the primary command element (Stohr and Collins, 2014). Max Weber defined the characteristics of a bureaucracy as follows: there must be a hierarchy of authority that has several levels each controlled by whoever is above them, each position is divided without overlapping tasks or responsibilities , there must be formal rules and procedures, the work environment must be impersonal, and employment decisions must be based on technical criteria. qualifications (Stillman, 2010; Stohr & Collins, 2014). In a bureaucratic system, communication and policies are transmitted to employees in the form of directives. To better understand the hierarchy of such an organization, we must examine what it entails. A bureaucratic management system is a centralized and rigid system that contains parts of a military structure, while employees are armed, wear uniforms, insignia, patches, and other elements (Stohr & Collins, 2014). Organizations can be formal or informal, open or open. closed, but most law enforcement and courts operate in an open system and corrections operate in a closed system (Stohr and Collins, 2014). Prisons can be compared to military installations; both are off-limits to the general public, creating an air of secrecy about what goes on behind the fences. Although different criminal justice organizations have similar attributes, certain characteristics determine the structure: how work is assigned, tasks are assigned to employees. , how far does organizational control extend, whether organizations fall under a single authority or are delegated middle of paper...... legram & Gazette Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 268872659?accountid=38769Northouse, P. (2013). Leadership: theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc. Retrieved from http://clarkmussman.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/leadership-theory-and-practice.pdfPeak, K.J. (2007). Administration of Justice: Managing Police, Courts and Corrections (5th ed.) Prentice Hall. Pearson Education. Stillman, R. J. (2010). Public administration: concepts and cases. Cengages learning. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=Q97BVAOxFvMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=falseStohr, MK and Collins, PA (2014). Criminal Justice Management: Theory and Practice in Justice-Centered Organizations (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Press. Zalman, M. (2010). Criminal Procedure: Constitution and Society (6th ed.). Prentice Hall. Pearson Education.